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Vulcan position Consulting Bio Contact Papers, Talks, Software *SILK -- Redefining the KR Playing Field* *Tutorial on Semantic Rules* *Disruption Roadmap for Business Rules Industry* MIT-days (projects etc. while at MIT until 2007) Search this site Site updated on 2010-11-04. But more updates pending for 2010 papers and talks; see the SILK website for most of those. |
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Vulcan Position Description
As of July 2007, I have moved to Seattle, Washington and joined Vulcan Inc., the parent company that oversees business investments and philanthropy for Microsoft co-founder Paul G. Allen. In my position as senior research program manager, Knowledge Systems, I have been leading the creation and management of a new advanced research program on semantic technology and artificial intelligence. This Halo Advanced Research (HalAR) program complements and expands the scope of the previously existing Project Halo, focusing on deeper underlying technologies, new domains, and longer horizons. A major part of this work has been creating and leading Vulcan's SILK system for advanced semantic rule-based knowledge representation and reasoning. I also lead related aspects of research work on the two other main systems in Project Halo: AURA and SMW+. The research is being conducted within Vulcan's Technology R&D division, notable for having developed SpaceShipOne, the first privately owned, manned rocket to attain suborbital space, which won the Ansari X-Prize in 2004. I am working very closely with both Mark Greaves who leads the overall Project Halo, and Dave Gunning who is another senior program manager in Project Halo. (Mark was formerly a researcher at Boeing and then a program manager at DARPA, focusing on semantic web and intelligent agents. Dave was formerly also a program manager at DARPA, focusing on artificial intelligence and machine learning.) I am continuing my part-time consulting practice as part of my arrangement with Vulcan. For more information about Vulcan, please visit www.vulcan.com.
Principal Consultant, Innovation Services
Benjamin Grosof -- Consulting
Benjamin Grosof & Associates, LLC
Expertise topic areas:
Contact info for consulting matters.
Short Biography: Benjamin Grosof is a senior research program manager at Vulcan Inc., the asset management company of Paul G. Allen (co-founder of Microsoft). There he conceived and leads a large research program in the area of rule-based semantic technologies and artificial intelligence (AI), aiming to be a game changer for knowledge representation and question answering. This is centered on developing the SILK language and system for semantic web rules that are defeasible and higher-order/meta-, yet scalable. In addition, he has a part-time expert consulting business on software technology and related strategy, and is affiliate faculty in AI at U. Washington. Previously he was an IT professor at MIT Sloan (2000-2007) and a senior software scientist at IBM Research (1988-2000). He has pioneered semantic technology and standards for rules, their combination with ontologies, their application in e-commerce and business policies, and business roadmapping of the Semantic Web. He co-founded the influential RuleML industry standards design effort and prototyped it in SweetRules, the main bases for the W3C Rule Interchange Format (RIF) standard. He was lead inventor of the rule-based technique which rapidly became the currently dominant approach to commercial implementation of W3C OWL (Web Ontology Language) and the main basis of its RL (Rules Profile) standard, and of several other fundamental technical advances in knowledge representation. His background includes three major industry software releases, two years in software startups, a Stanford PhD in a Harvard BA, and over 50 refereed publications. Longer Biography: Benjamin Grosof is a senior research program manager in knowledge systems at Vulcan Inc., the asset management company of Paul G. Allen (co-founder of Microsoft). In addition, he has a part-time expert consulting business (Benjamin Grosof & Associates, LLC) on software technology and related strategy (since 2000). He also is affiliate faculty in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) group at the University of Washington. Previously he was a professor of Information Technology at MIT, in the Sloan School of Management (2000-2007), and a senior software research scientist at IBM Research (1988-2000). He holds a PhD in Computer Science from Stanford University, with specialty in AI, and a BA in Applied Mathematics (with specialty in Economics and Management Science) from Harvard University. He has pioneered semantic (knowledge-based) technology and standards for:
- rules;
- their combination with ontologies;
- and the semantic web.
- creation of the game-changing SILK knowledge representation (KR) core technology, which enables powerfully expressive yet scalable semantic web rules that are defeasible, higher-order/meta-, omni-directional, and reactive;
- applying its KR techniques immediately to scientific question-answering, search, and semantic wiki knowledge networking; and
- exploring its longer-term implications in business and government.
- e-commerce, including business policies for e-contracts, shopping, and advertising, as well as early commercial intelligent agents;
- information integration in financial services and reporting; and
- policy-based security/privacy trust authorization.
We have three wondrous and inspiring children:
Isaac Bloomfield Grosof (b. 1995), Eliana Bloomfield Grosof (b. 1997),
and Jacob Bloomfield Grosof (b. 2003).
My other interests and experiences include:
For yet more bio, especially details about my IBM projects 1988-2000,
for now see my old IBM biography.
Papers, Invited Talks, Software, etc. (selected)
Selected Recent Papers Categorized by Topic:
!!NOTE!!: the MOST RECENT papers
*RulesKR: Rules and Ontologies knowledge representation for the Semantic Web and Semantic Web Services:
*BizSWS: Business Implications of Semantic Web Services:
*Other Knowledge-Based E-Commerce (including AI, agents):
Selected Earlier Papers Categorized by Topic:
Refereed Publications and Research Reports (1995-1999)
*Courteous Logic Programs (Earlier):
*Examples and demos of business rules using Courteous LP for e-commerce
(Earlier):
*Situated Logic Programs (Earlier):
*XML Agent Communication (Earlier):
Selected Recent Papers organized Chronologically:
(but grouped so that successor/predecessor versions are together)
The report consists of 4 major documents, along with 4 appendices.
I have lead authorship roles for several sections,
in addition to contributing to the overall report (details are below).
Comment:
Comment: Gives new "Courteous Inheritance" approach that for the
first time represents
non-monotonic aspects of object-oriented style inheritance
in process ontologies so as to integrate them into the Semantic Web, focusing
on the MIT Process Handbook.
The approach uses the Courteous Logic Programs
subset of RuleML, and is aimed largely for use in Semantic Web Services.
The Process Handbook is a large, primarily-textual repository
frequently used by industry business process designers.
Comment:
Revised and extended version is in progress, in preparation for
journal publication.
Comment:
Describes the design of
SweetJess V1.
SweetJess is a first-of-a-kind translation from declarative logic programs
to production rules, and vice versa -- in particular bidirectionally
from SCLP RuleML to
Jess,
a popular production rule system.
The prototype of SweetJess V1
was available for user download by web/mail from
Aug. 2002 to Nov. 2004, and made use of SweetRules V1.
The SweetJess V2 prototype is more powerful and is
a component system within SweetRules V2.
Also describes DamlRuleML, the specification of the first
DAML+OIL encoding of SCLP RuleML.
See instead:
There also now is an updated
Working Paper "SweetJess: Inferencing in Situated Courteous RuleML via
Translation to and from Jess Rules" (version of May 2, 2003);
this is recommended over the Workshop paper (but does not
include discussion of the DamlRuleML aspect).
A further revised and extended version is in progress, in preparation for
journal publication.
(See above predecessor-version papers.)
Comment: A short position paper on how and why to hybridize
CommonRules / Courteous
Logic Programs (cf. our work) with another business rules technology called
Accessible Business Rules (ABR).
ABR is oriented towards tight integration into
object-oriented design and language tools including for
workflow-ish applications.
Recent Standards Proposal Reports:
Comment: The leading emerging standard for interoperable web rules in
XML, including for semantic web and business rules.
It is based on declarative logic programs, including
situated courteous logic programs (SCLP), along with first order logic.
RuleML is being used heavily by the Semantic Web Services
Initiative (SWSI) in its
Language (SWSL), and is beginning
to be used by Object Management Group (OMG)
in its production rules standards committee. (As of Feb. 2005.)
A Google search on "RuleML" yields a hit count of over 20,000 as of Feb.
15, 2005.
Revisions and extensions are in progress, with a new major version planned
for release in spring or summer 2005.
Comment: An interoperable web syntax for First Order Logic, as an
addition to the RuleML family of sublanguages.
Comment: Combines a relatively simple subset of RuleML with W3C OWL
to express Horn-like rules
that are tightly integrated with OWL ontologies.
See DAML Rules
and the Joint Committee
for its creation context.
The technical approach builds upon our previous semantic web papers about
RuleML,
referencing ontologies from rules,
and tightly combining rules and ontologies
within a single KR.
Comment:
Revised version is in progress, in tandem with preparation of major
SWSL design research report planned for release in spring 2005.
Invited Talks: (slidesets -- usually quite detailed;
includes tutorials)
An open source release of the SweetPH software is in preparation,
to be released probably in summer 2006.
Examples of e-commerce rule sets are included in the download,
e.g., about ordering lead time, book pricing, refund policies, and
credit reporting.
Recent Miscellaneous: (categorized by type)
o PhD Dissertations Supervised:
o Masters Theses Supervised:
o Other Students:
Earlier Papers Etc. organized Chronologically:
("Earlier" means before about summer 1999).
These include: most publications, reports, and patents from 1984-1999; and
a few selected project overview talks from 1997-1999.
Mini-Abstract: Generalized the ability of potentially-conflicting
rules to override each other. Designed new techniques to
decompose a large-scale non-monotonic reasoning task into a collection of
smaller (local) reasoning tasks, so as to achieve overall computational
practicality. Many results and concepts about prioritized
defaults and the circumscription formalism.
MIT Research Projects Overview:
This project is to create and study fundamental technologies for
rules knowledge representation, for infrastructural use in
Semantic Web Services.
It includes fundamental reasoning theory (including extensions
to logic programs), technology design (e.g., architecture, algorithms)
and prototypes,
and standards proposals (including RuleML).
The project has created a highly capable integrated toolkit called
SweetRules, available in open source.
("Sweet" stands for "Semantic WEb Enabling Technologies".)
In addition, there is a close dialectic with exploring
applications scenarios (drawn from our
project on business implications),
and strategies.
This project is concerned largely with communication of
rule-form beliefs (information), assimilation of such
beliefs from multiple sources, reasoning about the scope
and degree of trust of those sources, handling of conflicts between
those sources, and inter-operable executability of inferencing with
those beliefs via knowledge-based and database systems. The sources
might be agents, applications, or databases, for example. The focus is
especially on information about business rules or policies, including in
e-contracts. The technical approach is based on declarative logic
programs.
Topics include:
To achieve practical e-commerce applications,
often one must also strive in the rules KR design to enable:
SWEET:
DAML:
I co-lead (with Mike Dean)
the
DAML Rules effort and
the Joint Committee Rules
effort, which are closely related to RuleML.
Tim
Berners-Lee, inventor of the Web, and head of the World Wide
Web Consortium, is PI at MIT of another DAML
grant project about the Semantic Web. I work with Tim and the MIT LCS / W3C team he leads, as well as
with several other researchers outside of MIT, on DAML and the
Semantic Web.
You can see my recent papers
and talks for more about the RulesKR
project.
See also SWSI especially
its SWSL language effort which includes rules.
(NB: "BizSWS" is pronounced "BizSwizz")
This project is to create and study the
business implications of Semantic Web Services (SWS).
It includes applications design and scenarios, analysis of business
value, strategy, and theory. The applications largely focus on
using rules for e-contracting, web services, and financial knowledge
integration.
SWS offers the promise of dramatically increasing the degree of
automation (and lowering costs) in
machine-to-machine/application-to-application communications and
business processes, as compared to the first generation of the Web
which is primarily oriented towards
human-to-machine/human-to-application interactions.
The fundamental rules technologies in our
RulesKR project above are motivated by SWS e-commerce
applications and strategies, e.g., for e-contracting and finance, and
are developed in tandem with them. Developing the fundamental
technologies in tandem with the applications provides bi-directional
feedback. This helps focus both sides.
The e-contracting prototype is called
SweetDeal (more about that below).
Topics include:
Semantic
Web Services Initiative (SWSI) (pronounced "swizzie")
coordinates and performs SWS research and early standards activities.
The Center for eBusiness @ MIT:
Extended COntext INterchange (ECOIN) is an approach
to information integration involving mapping between different
contexts of information usage or information supply.
Those different contexts utilize different ontologies.
Knowledge-based techniques for mapping between these heterogeneous
ontological contexts then can create considerable value in
financial applications.
You can see my recent papers
and talks for more about the
Biz+SWS project;
there are (currently) three papers about e-contracting / SweetDeal, and two
about financial knowledge integration / ECOIN.
See also SWSI, especially
its application scenario and industrial partnership aspects.
History:
You can see my (old) IBM
project page there. The IBM CommonRules project continues under
the leadership of Hoi Chan.
Intro and Primer: Semantic Web, Web Services, E-Commerce, Semantic Web Services
My research overall is concerned with the
design and management of how automated enterprises and intelligent agents
will soon communicate at a high level of shared understanding ("semantics")
with each other over the Web in e-commerce (esp. B2B).
Two important technical aspects of this
are (1.) XML and
(2.) techniques for knowledge representation and inferencing,
especially for rules and ontologies.
An "ontology" is a formally specified set of vocabulary definitions.
A "rule" is an if-then implication. Rules mention relations and other
logical constants, and thus can rely on ontological definitions of
those. "Knowledge representation" (KR) means what form of knowledge
can be expressed, including both syntactic encoding and underlying
semantics of meaning. This semantics is defined in terms of what
conclusions are sanctioned from a given set of premises (e.g., rules
or ontological definitions) in a particular chosen KR. The semantic
aspect of KR is important to enable an agent/application to anticipate
what another agent/application will believe/draw from a given set of
communicated statements (i.e., exchanged information/knowledge).
My work is thus closely related to several aspects of the
Semantic Web,
an overall concept for the next generation of the Web, in which
the Web becomes a repository of information that is
automatically readable by programs in a way that has substantial semantics
(i.e., becomes "agent-enabled"),
rather than only human-readable/understandable as in the first generation
of the Web. For more about the Semantic Web, you can see the
W3C Semantic Web Activity
and a Semantic Web community portal.
Within the Semantic Web overall, I am especially focusing on
Another emerging concept is Web Services --
the delivery of electronic
services using Web protocols. These services might be provided by
invoking almost any kind of
program, so this is an extremely broad concept.
Part of my work is concerned
with infrastructural services for the Semantic Web, e.g., for relatively
broad-purpose knowledge translation and inferencing.
Another part of my work is
concerned with application-specific services that make use of the
Semantic Web, e.g., services for e-contracting or financial knowledge
integration.
For more about Web Services, you can see the
W3C Web Services activity
and the Web Services
Interoperability (WS-I) organization.
"Semantic Web Services" (SWS)
is the convergence of Web Services and Semantic Web.
SWS is the next major generation of the
Web, in which e-services and business communication become more
knowledge-based and agent-based.
SWS includes both the infrastructural
and the application-specific services I described above.
It can be parsed as "{Semantic Web} Services"
or as "Semantic {Web Services}". Until 2004, Semantic Web and Web Services
were largely decoupled in industry standards and development efforts.
However, since mid-2002, a research community with aspiration towards standards
has formed around SWS, especially in the US and Europe.
For overviews of Semantic Web Services, see my recent tutorials
and the talks that mention it in their title.
You can see a quickie 2003
list of
Web resources about SWS,
Semantic
Web Services Initiative (SWSI) (pronounced "swizzie")
coordinates and performs SWS research and early standards activities.
XML Rules -- Standards;
RuleML:
I am Co-Founder and Co-Chair of RuleML,
an early-phase standards
effort on a markup language for rules in XML, and more
generally for Rules as part of the Semantic Web.
The goal of this RuleML Initiative is eventual adoption as a Web standard,
e.g., via the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
Research aspect:
Along the way there are a number of interesting new research issues.
Quite a bit of new theory and design work is required to support
highly-expressive inferencing and interoperability in RuleML.
Most of my recent publications and
talks (since early 2001) are in part about
extending or applying RuleML.
Much of my recent research (with collaborators) is embodied in the:
Scientific Conference annually on RuleML-related research topics:
RuleML-2005, the
first annual
International
Conference on Rules and Rule Markup Languages for the Semantic Web,
was held
in conjunction with the fourth
International
Semantic Web Conference (ISWC), in Nov. 2005.
This is successor to three previous annual Workshops on the same topic,
held in conjunction with the first three ISWC's.
I co-founded the workshop series and conference, and was general
co-chair for RuleML-2005.
The RuleML-2006 conference
will be held in Nov. 2006, in conjunction with ISWC-2006 in Athens, Georgia,
USA.
The RuleML Initiative:
The RuleML Initiative began in fall 2000, and released a first public
version of XML DTD's for several rule flavors in January 2001. My
co-founder/co-chairs are
Harold Boley and
Said Tabet. There are now
several dozen participating institutions in the RuleML Initiative (a
mix of industry and academe), and over a dozen prototype RuleML tools already
available (supporting rule translation, inferencing, or
authoring). Weekly group telecons and emails discuss technical as well as
organizational issues.
Website(s):
The main RuleML website
is in process of being radically redesigned.
Also, at any given time, partly due to lags in updating, there is
also very salient stuff HERE about RuleML NOT on that site.
E.g., see my recent papers and
talks.
Rapid Growth in Influence:
RuleML has grown rapidly in influence since its inception.
Notable events since spring 2002 include that:
I was a member of two research centers and a large research project with
which several of these colleagues were also affiliated:
Overall, I teach Information Technology (IT), primarily for e-business,
and mostly from the technologies angle. In the last few years, I have
developed new classes and new units within classes, that
treat more broadly and deeply my research areas of Semantic Web Services
and Electronic Commerce.
My students are a mix -- both grad and undergrad, in both Management and
non-Management programs.
In addition to my regular classroom teaching, I teach short courses close
to my research area
for regular MIT students (3-day, 1-day), executive education (e.g., half-day),
and conference tutorials for researchers (typically, half-day).
* 15.564 "IT Essentials II: Advanced Technologies for Digital Business
in the Knowledge Economy" (spring 2007, MW 1-2:30, in E51)
Recently redeveloped, this is
the most advanced technology-oriented IT course offered at MIT Sloan.
* 15.568 "Practical Information Technology Management"
(spring 2007, MW 2:30-4, in E51)
Recently redeveloped, this is an undergraduate IT course on the organizational
and people aspects of IT, including IT project management,
IT outsourcing, business process design,
getting the most out of IT investments, and IT strategy.
PAST TEACHING:
In 2005-2006, I taught:
In 2004-2005, I taught:
In 2003-2004, I taught:
In 2002-2003, I taught:
In 2001-2002, and also in 2000-2001, I taught:
In IAP 2001 (Independent Activities Period, during January), I also taught
15.561 and 15.564 are both fairly broad Information Technology courses,
with a substantial focus (about 40%) on technology and management specifically
for e-commerce.
15.561 is a 6-unit semi-core MBA course taken mostly by 1st-year
MBA students.
15.564 was in previous years a 12-unit course taken
by a variety of grad and undergrad students, mostly Management majors.
15.574 in fall 2002 was a 9-unit doctoral seminar focusing largely on the
Semantic Web, its
knowledge representation foundations, and its business applications.
(Note that due to an error in the MIT catalog editing process, the title
of 15.574 listed was for a while
"Theoretical Foundations of Information Systems".)
You can see the
MIT course catalog
and
SloanSpace for information on
courses being offered at any given time.
You can see cached copies of the descriptions of
15.574 and
15.972 --
they are not being offered in 2004-2005.
I also teach Executive Education short-courses, including on
"Next Generation Electronic Markets".
In 2003
I taught a 1-day course to the MIT Sloan Alumni of Boston, titled
"Frontiers of E-Business: Introduction to Semantic Web and Web
Services", that was a shorter version of my IAP course 15.972
(6/21/2003).
Recent Professional Service Activities:
(selected)
Upcoming and Recent Activities: (selected)
Contact Info
Vulcan contact info (use for most work matters except consulting):
Benjamin Grosof, PhD
Senior Research Program Manager
Vulcan Inc.
505 Fifth Ave. South, Suite 900
Seattle, WA 98104
Phone: (206)342-2000 (main)
Email: "[BBB] AT [VVV]", where [BBB] is "BenjaminG" and [VVV] is the usual domain for the company (i.e., the name of the company -- 6 letters long -- followed by "DOT com").
Non-Vulcan Contact info -- for non-Vulcan matters, i.e., for consulting
or personal matters, please use the appropriate address below.
Consulting Contact info
Benjamin Grosof, PhD
Benjamin Grosof & Associates, LLC
5 Wembley Lane
Mercer Island, WA 98040, USA (3 miles east of Seattle)
Web: http://www.mit.edu/~bgrosof/#Consulting
Email: Note: *NEW address!!!!*
It is: "1st-name DOT surname AT [GGG]",
where [GGG] is a very well known email service
run by Google, with five letters (beginning with the same first letter
as "Google") followed by "DOT com".
Personal Contact info
Benjamin Grosof
Email: Note: *NEW address!!!!* It is
"1st-name DOT surname AT [GGG]",
where [GGG] is a very well known email service
run by Google, with five letters (beginning with the same first letter
as "Google") followed by "DOT com".
Web homepage:
Current main homepage is
http://www.mit.edu/~bgrosof/.
(Note that http://ebusiness.mit.edu/bgrosof, my old homepage, redirects to it.
See the old homepage about how to modify old URL's to work on the new site.)
Searching this site by keyword:
Most stuff on this site that you would want to search for by keyword
is mentioned on this single webpage, so
just use the browser Find feature (usually Ctrl+F) starting from the
top of the page.
Preface Notes:
Preface Notes:
"A Courteous Compiler from Generalized Courteous Logic Programs To
Ordinary Logic Programs", extension of the above, 1999.
2010:
Comment: Extends the LPDA argumentation theory approach enabling
higher-order defaults (from our ICLP-2009 paper),
used by Hyper LP and SILK, to the ASP KR which permits head disjunction.
Also shows a close relationship of Defeasible Logic to Courteous defaults.
2009:
You can get the talk slides as well;
those are meatier but this position paper complements them, especially
with references and links.
You can get the talk slides as well.
Describes the foundational approach to higher-order defaults in the Hyper
Logic Programs knowledge representation used by SILK.
2005:
Comment: A medium-length working paper, that includes new
material and also overviews previous material in an integrative fashion.
Presented in part at the Kickoff Meeting of the W3C
Rule Interchange Format (RIF)
standards Working Group, held Burlingame, CA, 2005, Dec. 8-9, 2005.
Comment: A fairly short working paper.
Complements the PLP Nutshell paper.
Presented at Kickoff Meeting of the W3C
Rule Interchange Format (RIF)
standards Working Group, held Burlingame, CA, 2005, Dec. 8-9, 2005.
Comment: A short working paper, that overviews our previous work,
largely on e-contracting.
Comment: A relatively short working paper, of an overview nature.
Presented in part at the Kickoff Meeting of the W3C
Rule Interchange Format (RIF)
standards Working Group, held Burlingame, CA, 2005, Dec. 8-9, 2005.
Comment: Focuses largely on the design of the SWRL editor
in the Protege OWL Plugin.
This complements SweetRules with SWRL rule authoring capabilities.
Note that SWRL rules are essentially a special case of RuleML.
Comment:
This is a large design report (approx. 287 pages) by the Semantic Web Services Language
(SWSL)
committee of the
Semantic Web Services Initiative (SWSI).
It includes design of languages
for rules combined with ontologies,
application scenarios and requirements analysis, and core service ontologies.
Comment:
SWSL extends previous RuleML, and includes a presentation syntax for RuleML.
I co-led its overall design along with Michael Kifer.
I am lead author, in particular, for
section 2.7 (The Courteous Rules Layer) and
section 3 (Combining SWSL-Rules and SWSL-FOL).
Comment:
I co-led the creation of SWSL-Rules version of
SWSO, along with David Martin.
This uses an experimental hypermonotonic-reasoning
mapping from the SWSL-FOL version of SWSO.
Comment:
I am lead author, in particular, for
section 5 (Using Defaults in Domain-Specific Service Ontologies).
2004:
In: Proc. 14th Workshop
on Information Technologies and Systems
(WITS-2004), pp. 200-205.
Held in conjunction with
the International
Conference on Information Systems (ICIS-2004), Washington, DC,
Dec. 11-12, 2004.
Poster Paper (2 pages).
In: Proc. 3rd International Semantic Web Conference
(ISWC-2004).
Held Hiroshima, Japan, Nov. 7-11, 2004.
Comment:
Full-length Working Paper version is in progress.
In: International Journal of
Electronic Commerce
(IJEC), 8(4):61-98,
Summer 2004, special issue on web e-commerce.
Note that the version in the journal issue is revised slightly
(reformatting and proofreading edits) from the version
(version of Nov. 19, 2003) that you can click on above.
Comment: Describes an aspect of SweetDeal, our system for
rule-based e-contracting, e.g., for deals about Web Services.
"Exceptions" means provisions for "things that can go wrong" during
performance of a contract. Combines SCLP RuleML with
DAML+OIL ontologies and business process descriptions that automate
content from the MIT Process Handbook.
The Process Handbook is a large, primarily-textual repository
frequently used by industry business process designers.
Develops a basic approach to combining rules with ontologies, where
rule predicates reference ontology classes and properties.
In: Electronic Commerce Research
and Applications
(ECRA), 3(1):2-20, Spring 2004, special issue on semantic web and e-commerce.
Note that the final version in the journal is revised slightly (reformatting
and proofreading edits) from the version (version of Sept. 29, 2003)
that you can click on above.
Comment: Includes the first specification of the expressively powerful
Situated Courteous case of Logic
Programs (SCLP) in RuleML. Describes SweetRules V1,
the first prototype of SCLP RuleML
inferencing and translation. Discusses their e-business applications
including contracting and business policies. (SWEET is acronym for
"Semantic WEb Enabling Technology"). The SweetRules V1 prototype was
demonstrated at the WITS-2001 refereed systems demonstration program.
2003:
IEEE Intelligent Systems, 18(5):76-83, 2003.
A collection of short strategic approach and position papers,
each single-authored.
A penultimate and slightly longer version of just
Benjamin Grosof's position paper, dating from 2003, is
available:
"A Roadmap for Rules and RuleML in the Semantic Web".
At the IEEE site, you can access the
full article.
Working paper of August 16, 2003. Submitted for publication.
The approach has been prototyped: see SweetPH.
Revised and extended version is in progress, in preparation
for journal publication.
In: Proc.
12th Intl. Conf.
on the World Wide Web (WWW-2003), held Budapest, Hungary, May 20-23, 2003.
Comment:
Gives a fundamental theoretical approach, which has become
highly influential, to combining (1.) rules and
(2.) ontologies for the Semantic Web,
by first defining and focusing on the intersection of (1.) Logic Programs, the
core knowledge representation of RuleML,
the leading draft standard for Semantic Web rules, and (2.)
Description Logic, the core knowledge representation of W3C's
OWL,
the leading draft standard for Semantic Web ontologies.
Open source implementation is available in
SweetRules V2 (the SweetOnto component).
Extended version, with proofs and
OWL syntax, is in progress,
in preparation for journal publication.
Also, Raphael Volz's PhD
thesis is about DLP.
Comment: Delegation Logic is a technique for specifying and
executing policies in distributed trust
management, e.g., security authorization.
Ninghui Li's PhD
dissertation,
for which I was co-advisor, discusses it in more detail.
Lalana Kagal's PhD thesis (2004) and related work
on the Rei language for policies is partly based on the Delegation
Logic approach, Situated Courteous Logic Programs, and Description
Logic Programs.
2002:
In: Proc. International
Conference on Information Systems
(ICIS-2002), held Barcelona,
Spain, Dec. 16-18, 2002.
Comment: Discusses use of ontologies and context knowledge
for integration of financial information from heterogeneous source
databases. This work is part of Aykut Firat's PhD
dissertation research;
I was co-adviser. The ECOIN prototype
("Extended COntext INterchange" system) is available at the
COIN project site.
In: Proc. 12th
Workshop on Information Technologies and Systems
(WITS-2002),
held in conjunction with
the International
Conference on Information Systems
(ICIS-2002), Barcelona,
Spain, Dec. 14-15, 2002.
In: Computational Intelligence, 18(4):482-500, Nov. 2002,
in a special issue on
Agent Technologies for Electronic Commerce.
Also available in
postscript format.
Earlier versions of this paper were (with same title and authors):
Winner of the Outstanding Student Paper Award for Daniel Reeves there.
You can also get the
talk slides
(NB: a preliminary version); also available in
postscript.
You can get postscript format.
Comment: Discusses how to set up an auction or set of auctions, in a
principled manner driven by contract requirements of both buyers and sellers,
building upon earlier works by the same set of authors on representing
contracts and configuring auctions for automated auction servers.
Detailed examples about a travel agent domain for which there
recently have been several
research-world Trading Agent Competition agent contests held yearly at a
major conference.
The system is called ContractBot. The approach here is also part
of our larger approach SweetDeal.
In: Proc.
International Workshop on Rule Markup Languages for
Business Rules on the Semantic Web (later called "RuleML-2002"),
held 14 June 2002, Sardinia (Italy) in conjunction with the First
International Semantic Web Conference
(ISWC-2002).
2001:
2000:
In: Proc. of the OOPSLA 2000
Workshop
on Best-practices in Business Rule Design and Implementation,
held Minneapolis, MN, USA, Oct. 15, 2000.
(alt. workshop URL is
here.)
1999:
In: Proc.
1st ACM Conf. on Electronic Commerce
(
EC-99), ed.
Michael P. Wellman.
Held Nov. 3-5, 1999, Denver, CO, USA.
New York, NY, USA: ACM Press, 1999.
(Also available in postscript).
Currently Versions 0.8+ of 2004-2005, revised from
Versions 0.7+ of Jan. 2001 - 2003.
By Harold Boley, Benjamin Grosof, Said Tabet, and additional collaborators
in the RuleML Initiative
(NB: authorship among these three is alphabetic).
Includes extensive documentation, news, discussion, summaries, presentations.
The ECRA journal paper,
and the ISWC-2006 Tutorial slides,
each provide an overview of RuleML including particularly SCLP RuleML.
SweetRules V2 provides
a set of reference implementations in open source for RuleML inferencing
and translation, supporting SCLP and SWRL.
Version 0.9 of 2004-11-02 (revised from version 0.7 of 2004-08-10.)
By Harold Boley, Mike Dean, Benjamin Grosof, Michael Sintek, Bruce Spencer, Said Tabet, and Gerd Wagner.
An emerging industry standards proposal that is an ...
Acknowledged W3C Submission.
A W3C Submission once acknowledged by W3C (the World Wide Web
Consortium) becomes a
technical report document of W3C.
Standards Proposal Research Report: Version 0.6, Apr. 30, 2004.
(Revised from Version 0.5 of Nov. 19, 2003.)
An emerging industry standards proposal that is an ...
Acknowledged W3C Submission.
A W3C Submission once acknowledged by W3C (the World Wide Web
Consortium) becomes a
technical report document of W3C.
A slightly revised version (V0.7+) is in progress as of Dec. 2004.
See several Recent Invited
Talks for additional discussion about SWRL, including usage comments
and implementation techniques, e.g., DAML Rules Report May 2004 and
ISWC-2006 Tutorial.
SweetRules implements a number of SWRL
tools/capabilites.
In work in progress, the technical approach is being converged more
tightly and thoroughly with RuleML.
Edited by Benjamin Grosof, Michael Gruninger, Michael Kifer, David Martin, Deborah
McGuinness, Bijan Barsia, and Austin Tate
(NB: editorship order is alphabetic).
The editors are also the primary authors, but the full set of authors
includes a larger set of members of the SWSL Committee.
SWSL is the Language part of the
Semantic Web Services Initiatve (SWSI).
By Steve Battle, Daniela Berardi, Benjamin Grosof, Michael Gruninger,
Rick Hull, Michael Kifer, David Martin, Sheila McIlraith,
Jianwen Su, and others.
(NB: authorship set is preliminary and its order is alphabetic).
These are the members of the SWSL Committee.
SWSL is the Language part of the
Semantic Web Services Initiatve (SWSI).
2010:
****FULL SLIDESET AVAILABLE****
Conference Tutorial:
"Rules on the Semantic Web: Advances in Knowledge Representation and Standards" (4-hours).
By Benjamin Grosof,
Mike Dean, and
Michael Kifer.
Presented at the 24th Conference on Artificial Intelligence
(AAAI-10),
Atlanta, Georgia, USA, July 10, 2010.
You can also get the abstract and overview.
Comment: See instead the more recent ISWC-2010 rules tutorial.
2009:
Refereed conference system demonstration poster presentation at the
8th International Semantic Web Conference
(ISWC-2009),
Chantilly, Virgina, USA, Oct. 27, 2009.
You can also get the short paper (and its expanded version)
about the system and demo, which was published in the conference proceedings.
Invited keynote talk at the 2009 Web Reasoning and Rules Conference
(RR-2009),
Chantilly, Virginia, October 26, 2009.
You can also get the abstract
of the talk, which was published in the conference proceedings.
Conference Tutorial
"Semantic Rules on the Web" (4-hours).
By Benjamin Grosof,
Mike Dean, and
Michael Kifer.
Presented at the 8th International Semantic Web Conference
(ISWC-2009),
at the Westfields Conference Center, Chantilly, Virgina, USA, Oct. 26, 2009.
You can also get the abstract and overview.
Comment: See instead the more recent ISWC-2010 rules tutorial.
Comment: Additional material, esp. about applications, is available in the
6-hour rules tutorial from ISWC-2006.
Invited presentation at the
Workshop
on Improving Access to Financial Data on the Web .
Co-organized by W3C and
XBRL International, Inc.,
and hosted by FDIC.
Held Arlington, Virginia, October 5-6, 2009.
You can get the position paper as well;
these talk slides are meatier but that position paper complements them,
especially with references and links.
Technical paper presentation at the 25th International Conference on
Logic Programming
(ICLP-2009),
Pasadena, California, July 18, 2009.
You can get the ICLP-2009 paper as well.
Comment: Overviews the novel technical approach to defaults in
SILK's hyper logic programs knowledge representation.
Invited talk at the Commercial Users of Logic Programming Workshop
(CULP-2009),
Pasadena, California, July 17, 2009.
Comment: The longer SemTech-2009 talk provides more details.
Invited talk at the 2009 Semantic Technology Conference
(SemTech-2009),
San Jose, California, June 18, 2009.
You can also get the abstract
of the talk.
Comment: Researchers (as opposed to developers or other business people)
should instead see the RR-2009 SILK keynote
talk which is more up-to-date and in-depth.
Conference Tutorial
"Rules on the Web" (3-hours)
(NB: could use some format etc. bug fixes).
By Benjamin Grosof, Mike Dean, and Michael Kifer.
Presented at the 18th International Conference
on the World Wide Web
(WWW-2009),
Madrid, Spain, April 21, 2009.
You can also get the abstract
of the talk.
Comment: See instead the ISWC-2009 rules tutorial which is more up-to-date and in-depth.
2008:
You can also get the abstract
of the talk.
Comment: Additional material, esp. about applications and more KR features,
is available in the
6-hours rules tutorial from ISWC-2006.
2007:
You can also get the abstract
of the talk.
2006:
Conference Tutorial
"Semantic Web Rules with Ontologies, and their E-Service Applications"
(one slide per page, suitable for viewing on computer display).
By Benjamin Grosof and
Mike Dean.
Full-day conference Tutorial (6 hours) presented
at the 5th International Semantic Web Conference
(ISWC-2006),
held Athens, Georgia, USA, Nov. 5, 2006. Presented by
Benjamin Grosof and
Mike Dean.
You can also get:
Comment:
This is an updated version of the WWW-2006 Tutorial.
Gives an overview of our research, as well as a survey
of the field, on
semantic web rules knowledge representation and standards including
RuleML and SWRL,
how rules combine with ontologies, implementation techniques and
available tools including SweetRules (presentation included demo too);
and e-business
applications including e-contracting, semantic integration,
business and security policies, and financial information integration.
Includes extensive introduction to relevant logical rules knowledge
representation concepts and theory.
This is an updated version of the ISWC-2005 Tutorial.
It has more on rules, and less on e-commerce applications, than the
EC-04 Tutorial.
It is longer than the WWW-2006 Tutorial.
The SweetRules overview is less detailed
than the
June 2005 SweetRules Overview.
Conference Tutorial
"Semantic Web Rules with Ontologies, and their E-Service Applications"
(one slide per page, suitable for viewing on computer display).
By Benjamin Grosof and
Mike Dean.
Half-day conference Tutorial (3 hours) presented
at the 15th International World Wide Web
Conference (WWW-2006),
held Edinburgh, Scotland, May 26, 2006. Presented by
Benjamin Grosof and
Mike Dean.
You can also get:
Comment:
See instead the ISWC-2006 Tutorial
for an updated version.
Gives an overview of our research, as well as a survey
of the field, on
semantic web rules knowledge representation and standards including
RuleML and SWRL,
how rules combine with ontologies, implementation techniques and
available tools including SweetRules (presentation included demo too);
and e-business
applications including e-contracting, semantic integration,
business and security policies, and financial information integration.
Includes extensive introduction to relevant logical rules knowledge
representation concepts and theory.
This is an updated version of the ISWC-2005 Tutorial.
It has more on rules, and less on e-commerce applications, than the
EC-04 Tutorial.
It is shorter than the ISWC-2006 Tutorial.
The SweetRules overview is less detailed
than the
June 2005 SweetRules Overview.
You can also get the abstract
of the talk.
You can also get the abstract
of the talk.
2005:
You can also get the abstract of the talk.
Conference Tutorial
"Semantic Web Rules with Ontologies, and their E-Service Applications"
(one slide per page, suitable for viewing on computer display).
By Benjamin Grosof and
Mike Dean.
Half-day conference Tutorial (3.5 hours) presented
at the 4th International Semantic Web
Conference (ISWC-2005),
held Galway, Ireland, Nov. 6, 2005. Presented by
Benjamin Grosof and
Mike Dean.
You can also get:
Comment:
See instead the ISWC-2006 Tutorial,
which is an updated version.
Gives an overview of our research, as well as a survey
of the field, on
semantic web rules knowledge representation and standards including
RuleML and SWRL,
how rules combine with ontologies, implementation techniques and
available tools including SweetRules (presentation included demo too);
and e-business
applications including e-contracting, semantic integration,
business and security policies, and financial information integration.
Includes extensive introduction to relevant logical rules knowledge
representation concepts and theory.
More on rules, and less on e-commerce applications, than the
EC-04 Tutorial.
The SweetRules overview is less detailed
than the
Winter 2004 SweetRules Overview.
Comment:
An overview for a broad, somewhat technical, but non-researcher
IT audience of CTOs/CIOs/architects/strategists/developers.
Comment:
An overview for a broad, somewhat technical, but non-researcher
IT audience of CTOs/CIOs/architects/strategists/developers.
2004:
Comment:
For more about strategy and context of SweetPH,
see the SWSL talk
about SweetPH.
SWSL stands for "Semantic Web Services Language",
a work product of the Language Committee of the Semantic Web
Services Initiative (SWSI)
that coordinates SWS emerging standards and research world-wide.
The SWSL Face-to-Face Meeting (F2F) is a workshop, held approximately twice a year.
You can also see the abstract.
Comment: A broad overview.
Comment:
See later versions of SweetRules overviews for more up-to-date versions.
Gives detailed overview of SweetRules V2 (presentation included demos too).
DAML PI Meetings are twice-yearly invited research workshops with
approximately 100+ participants.
More detailed and up to date than the previous SweetRules overviews,
e.g., the WWW-2004 DevDay
and ISWC-2004 Tutorial talks.
Comment:
DAML PI Meetings are twice-yearly invited research workshops with
approximately 100+ participants.
The "Overview of SweetRules V2.0" section of this talk is provided above as a
separate talk item.
Conference Tutorial "Semantic Web Rules with Ontologies, and their E-Business
Applications" (3.5-hour)
Comment:
See instead the ISWC-2006 Tutorial,
which is an updated version although with a bit different applications
focus.
Gives an overview of our research, as well as a survey
of the field, on
semantic web rules knowledge representation and standards including
RuleML and SWRL,
how rules combine with ontologies, implementation techniques and
available tools including SweetRules (presentation included demo too);
and e-business
applications including e-contracting, semantic integration,
business and security policies, and financial information integration.
Includes extensive introduction to relevant logical rules knowledge
representation concepts and theory.
More on rules, and less on e-commerce applications, than the
EC-04 Tutorial.
The SweetRules overview is less detailed and up-to-date
than the
Winter 2004 SweetRules Overview.
Comment: PPSWR04 was sponsored largely by
REWERSE,
the European Union's Network of Excellence on web reasoning, including rules.
I helped found REWERSE.
Comment: Portia is a $12Million NSF-sponsored research project
on confidentiality and privacy. The event was essentially its
kickoff workshop.
Comment:
DAML PI Meetings are twice-yearly invited research workshops with
approximately 100+ participants.
Comment:
Gives a technical strategic analysis and proposal ("strawman"),
which was then essentially adopted at the Meeting,
for SWSL's then-future direction.
SWSL stands for "Semantic Web Services Language",
a work product of the Language Committee of the Semantic Web
Services Initiative (SWSI)
that coordinates SWS emerging standards and research world-wide.
The SWSL Face-to-Face Meeting (F2F) is a workshop, held approximately twice a year.
Comments:
See instead the
Winter 2004 SweetRules
Overview which is more up-to-date and detailed.
Conference Tutorial
"Semantic Web Services for E-Commerce Applications"
(3.5-hour)
Comment: Gives an overview of our research,
as well as survey of the field, on semantic web services,
rules, e-contracting, other e-commerce policies, and financial
information integration. More on e-commerce applications, and less
on rules, than the ISWC-2004 Tutorial.
The Center for eBusiness @ MIT is a very large research center involving
dozens of faculty and projects. Its Annual Conference is attended by 100+
participants, mostly from (non-MIT) sponsor organizations.
You can also see the
abstract.
You can also see a shorter
"highlights"
version (10-min.) of the talk.
Comment: mainly about SweetPH, the Process Handbook, and their relationship
to Semantic Web Services. Emphasizes strategy and context more, and technical
approach less, than the SWSL talk
about SweetPH.
Comment: The portion specifically about AutoID is especially
slides 26-29, 31.
You can see the
panel handout
(1-page) as well as the
panel flyer (half-page).
Comment: Cyberposium is a technology innovation and entrepreneurship
event, not a research conference.
2003:
Comment: Gives an overview of our work on semantic web services,
rules, and e-contracting.
Comment: Gives an updated overview of our work in Semantic Web Services
(SWS), focusing on three new areas of fundamental theory for rules.
How rules and ontologies can be usefully and feasibly combined
for Semantic Web Services (SWS), including for e-contracting. The overview of
SWS is briefer but more up to date than in the Nov. 20, 2002
Center for eBusiness talk or the Dec. 6, 2002 U. Maryland talk (below).
2002:
Comment: How rules and ontologies can be usefully and feasibly combined
for Semantic Web Services (SWS), including for e-contracting. The overview of
SWS is briefer than in the Nov. 20, 2002 Center for eBusiness talk (below),
but the overview of RuleML in SWS, and the treatment of e-contracting,
is more detailed than there.
Comment: An overview of Semantic Web, the emerging
concept of Semantic Web Services,
and the use of rules in them, e.g., for e-contracting.
Comment: This is currently the most up to date
presentation about RuleML approach, status and plans.
Comment: also relevant are two other associated presentations from that
PI Meeting (also available at that site):
2001:
Comments: The talk slides
are more up to date and more detailed, but the paper is
complementary to the slides.
They both largely discuss
Rule Markup Language (RuleML).
Largely about RuleML
2000:
Comment:
FIPA (Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents) is a leading
industry standards body for intelligent software agents, esp. their
communication.
A user-downloadable version is in progress.
SweetPH is also described more briefly in several others of our recent
invited talks.
Growing out of the work on SweetPH,
the Process Handbook is discussed at several points in the
The SweetPH approach is described there in the application scenario on
Comment: CommonRules is described in several
papers, e.g., EC-99 and ECRA 2004.
CommonRules includes implementation of Courteous Logic Programs and their
XML encoding -- Business Rules Markup Language.
Provides capabilities for business rules: translation
between multiple commercially important rule system and agent communication
formats, while maintaining deep shared semantics; modular modification
and prioritized conflict handling; procedural attachments for embedding
in intelligent agents and object-oriented software systems. Over 2000
downloads to date.
Comment: This was a follow-on to the...:
Comment: in accessing the above link to his dissertation,
one gets to a somewhat confusing-looking page in German that contains
the table of contents.
Scroll down to the bottom to find the link to the pdf or postscript of the
whole document.
Terrence Poon (MIT 2002), Mahesh Gandhe (UMBC 2002), and
Chitravanu Neogy (MIT 2004).
Preface notes about:
obtaining papers not accessible from this page, dates and superceded
versions, refereeing, AI terminology contained/omitted in paper
titles, the organizations and conferences mentioned, postscript and pdf
viewers, alternative ways to obtain some of the papers from IBM
websites, etc.
Readme included as the main documentation in the
IBM CommonRules alpha prototype Web release --Version 1.0 was on
July 30, 1999 on AlphaWorks.
See the AlphaWorks site, go to CommonRules, go to the downloadable
documentation zip file.
Comments:
Report included as part of documentation in the
IBM CommonRules 1.0 alpha prototype Web release of
July 30, 1999 on AlphaWorks.
You can get
full paper in postscript (sometimes this does
not print; includes a figure not contained in the pdf version)
or in
pdf (suitable for printing) format.
Comments:
By Benjamin N. Grosof.
You can get these
project-overview talk slides
in HTML.
You can also get this set of slides instead as a single file in
pdf or
postscript.
Comments:
Complements the
IBM Research project's
home-page overview.
Updates and amplifies [98b].
You can get
full paper in postscript
or in pdf format.
Comments:
This is a short refereed paper (2 proceedings pages) describing a demo.
See also [99b] which this complements.
You can get
abstract.
Comments:
This is a short refereed paper (2 proceedings pages) describing a demo.
See instead [99b] for an extended version.
You can get
abstract.
Comments: [99e] is an extended version containing
full proofs.
But see instead the
final journal version.
IBM Research Report RC 21492.
You can get
abstract;
or
full paper in postscript
or in pdf
or in dvi format.
Comments: This is an extended version of [99f], containing
full proofs. But see instead the
final journal version.
Paper also available as IBM Research Report RC 21491 (May 28, 1999).
Revised version appears in the book "Issues in Agent
Communication", edited by Frank Dignum and Mark Greaves, Springer-Verlag
2000.
You can get
abstract;
or
full paper in postscript
or in pdf
or in dvi format.
Paper also available as IBM Research Report RC 21476 (May 11, 1999).
You can get
abstract;
or
full paper in postscript
or in pdf
or in dvi format .
You can get
abstract;
or
full paper in postscript
or in
pdf
or in
dvi format.
Comments:
This is an extended version of [99h]: it augments that with
a long demo example.
[99a] is complementary, and gives technical details.
IBM Research Report RC 21472.
You can get
abstract;
or
full paper in postscript
or in
pdf
or in
dvi format.
Comments:
[99k] extends this.
[99b] is complementary, and includes a long example.
U.S. Patent 5,778,150 (granted July 7, 1998; filed July 1, 1996).
By Benjamin N. Grosof, David W. Levine, and Hoi Y. Chan.
(Ordering listed on patent document of inventors is always simply alphabetic.)
You can get the patent document, or its abstract, at the
U.S. patents server.
Comments: Complements and extends the description of situated reasoning
in [97a].
By Benjamin N. Grosof.
You can get
color talk slides in pdf
or in
postscript format.
You can instead get this
in black-and-white in pdf
or in
postscript format.
Comments: See instead [99j] for an updated, more detailed
version.
By Jeffrey O. Kephart, James E. Hanson, David W. Levine,
Benjamin N. Grosof, Jakka Sairamesh, Richard B. Segal,
and Steve R. White.
In: Proc. 2nd Intl. Wksh. on Cooperative Information Agents (CIA-98),
held Paris, France, July 4-7. 1998.
You can get
Comment: This line of work has continued in the IBM Research project on
Information Economies
led by Jeffrey Kephart.
You can get
abstract;
or
full paper in postscript
or in
pdf
or in
dvi format.
Comments:
This is an extended version of [97c], and also essentially supersumes [96c]
and [96b].
This includes TALK SLIDES as an appendix.
Correction and Version Note:
Theorem 25 (Preservation in Prioritized Merging) contains a bug. The theorem
statement needs some additional restricting conditions. Details are in a
forthcoming version of the paper.
You can get
abstract.
Comment: See instead [97d] for an extended version.
By Jeffrey O. Kephart, James E. Hanson, David W. Levine,
Benjamin N. Grosof, Jakka Sairamesh, Richard B. Segal,
and Steve R. White.
Presented as poster paper at
the International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems
(ICMAS '98), held in Paris, France, July 3-8, 1998.
Two-page poster abstract in Proceedings of ICMAS '98, published
by IEEE Computer Society Press.
Comment: see instead [98a], of which this is essentially
a condensed version.
Also available as IBM Research Report RC 20835 (May 08 1997).
You can get
abstract;
or
full paper in postscript
or in pdf
or in dvi format .
Comments: This is an overview paper
presented as a 1-hour invited conference talk.
See further details in the patent [98c] which resulted from this work:
about situated reasoning.
Comment: See instead [96b] which is the extended version.
You can get
abstract;
or
full paper in postscript
or in dvi format.
Comments: This is an extended version of [96c]. However:
See instead [97d] which in turn essentially supersumes this.
You can get
short full paper in postscript
or in pdf
or in dvi format -- it's a 3-page
extended abstract.
Also available as IBM Research Report RC 20305 (Dec. 05 1995).
You can get
abstract;
or
full paper in postscript
or in pdf
or in dvi format.
Also available as IBM Research Report RC 20226 (Oct. 17 1995).
You can get
abstract;
or
full paper in postscript
or in pdf
or in dvi format .
(Note that IEEE Personal Communications Magazine has since
changed its name to IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine.)
Reprinted, with updated preface, in:
Readings in Agents, eds. Michael Huhns, Munindar
Singh, and Les Gasser; Morgan Kaufmann, 1998 (Collection of influential
papers).
You can get
introduction and summary .
Comments:
Substantial refereed technical paper, highly cited, similar to journal article.
Preprint was available (now copyright is restricted)
as IBM Research Report RC 20010 (Oct. 17 1995, revised from Mar. 27 1995).
You can get
abstract;
or
full paper in postscript or in dvi format.
Comments:
Original version was distributed as a companion paper to [93a] when
[93a] was presented at Commonsense '93.
Comment: See instead [95a] which is the extended version.
Comment: See instead [95a] which is the extended version.
Comment: See instead [95b] which is the extended version.
You can get
abstract;
or
full paper in postscript
or in pdf
or in dvi format.
Comment: This is the extended version of the workshop publication [95c].
You can get
abstract;
or
full paper in postscript or in dvi format.
Comment: this is the extended version of [95d] and [95e].
You can get
abstract;
or
full paper in postscript or in dvi format .
You can get
abstract;
or
full paper in postscript or in dvi format .
Comment: The content of [93c] is adapted and revised
from PhD dissertation [92e]'s chapter 6.
You can get
abstract;
or
full paper in postscript or in dvi format .
Comment: [92d] was attached as a companion paper in the above Proceedings.
Also available as IBM Research Report RC 20124 (July 07 1995)
You can get
abstract;
or
full paper in postscript or in dvi format .
Also available as IBM Research Report RC 20683 (Jan. 07 1997) (though the
cover page of the Report says 1996 due to a typo).
You can get
abstract;
or
full paper in postscript
or in
compressed postscript
or in
pdf
Also appeared as companion paper to [93b].
You can get
abstract;
or
full paper in postscript or in dvi format .
You can get
abstract;
or
full paper in postscript
or in pdf format .
or in dvi format .
Comment: [92b] has essentially the same content, but [92b] is slightly
revised to correct a few typos and improve formatting.
Comment: See instead [92c] for similar content.
Also available as IBM Research Report RC 17955 (Apr. 1992).
You can get
abstract;
or
full paper in postscript or in dvi format.
Comment: The content of [92a] is from PhD dissertation work. Similar
content is to be found in [92e]'s section 6.3.
You can get
abstract.
Comment: The content of [91a] is from PhD dissertation work.
Similar content is to be found as part of [92e]'s chapter 2.
You can get
abstract.
Comment: For more about declarative bias work and its context,
see also "The Use of Knowledge in Analogy
and Induction", by Stuart J. Russell, Pitman publishers, London, UK, 1989;
this is a book based on his PhD dissertation work as well.
You can get
abstract.
Comment: This is a revised and expanded version of the second half of
[87a].
You can get
abstract.
Comment: This is a revised and expanded version of the first half of
[87a].
You can get
abstract.
You can get
abstract.
You can get
abstract.
You can get
abstract.
Comment: The first and second halves are complementary but distinct papers.
See instead [90b] and [90c] which are revised versions of the first half,
and second half, respectively.
You can get
abstract.
You can get
abstract.
Mini-abstract: Implemented an enhacement to MRS, a large, flexible
LISP reasoning environment, whose descendants include commercial and academic
toolkits. This was the first implementation of de Kleer's ATMS concept, after
de Kleer's own.
Includes analysis of efficiency, alternatives to de Kleer's algorithms and
data structures that are sometimes superior, e.g., in scaling up well.
You can get
abstract.
Comments: The essential technical content is supersumed by PhD
dissertation [92e].
See instead [92e], esp. section 8.5 and chapter 3 there.
MIT-days stuff FOLLOWS (last updated in 2006-2007)
MIT-days stuff: (NB: last updated in 2006-2007!)
MIT Research Projects Overview
MIT RulesKR Project: Rules
MIT BizSWS Project: Business Implications of Semantic Web Services
Semantic Web Services Primer, SWSI
XML Rules Standards,
RuleML, SWRL
*W3C Rule Interchange Format (RIF) Working Group*
Groups at MIT Sloan
MIT Teaching
MIT Professional Service Activities
MIT Recent Activities
SWEET ("Semantic WEb Enabling Technology") is an overall set of tools I
(with collaborators) am
developing. It includes SweetRules
(supporting Situated Courteous Logic Programs in RuleML)
and SweetDeal (supporting e-contracting; see below).
Prototypes of SweetRules and SweetDeal have been running since late 2001.
This project is receiving significant funding support from the
DARPA Agent Markup
Language (DAML) Program, whose overall purpose is to
develop techniques for high-level communication between agents in XML.
I am Principal Investigator (PI) at MIT for this DAML grant award.
SWSI grew in part out of the DAML program.
This project has in past received significant funding support from
The e-contracting
applications design, prototype, and scenarios,
including for deals about e-services/web-services, are together
called "SweetDeal".
("Sweet" stands for "Semantic WEb Enabling Technology".)
This Biz+SWS project grows in part out of my
previous work at IBM Research during 1994-2000, which was on:
Also,
RuleML largely grows out of Business Rules Markup Language (BRML)
which I developed in my previous work at IBM Research and which is
implemented in IBM CommonRules.
My closer colleagues in the Sloan
Information Technology (IT) group included
faculty
Erik Brynjolfsson,
Stuart Madnick,
Tom Malone,
Wanda Orlikowski,
Jack Rockart (mostly retired), and
Peter Weill, and
principal research scientists
Mark Klein and
Michael Siegel.
I collaborated extensively with other researchers
in the DAML Program during 2000-2005, including the
MIT CSAIL / W3C team led by
Tim Berners-Lee,
especially on semantic web rule technologies and standards, and
their uses in policies and services. My collaboration with Tim
and his group continued thereafter as well.
15.564 is suitable for students with significant previous IT background,
e.g., from industry experience or computer science studies, as well as for
those who have taken 15.561 ("Information Technology Essentials") which
is offered in the first half of spring semester.
15.972 in IAP 2003 and IAP 2004 was a 3-unit special seminar,
that was a short version of 15.574.
I helped design extensibility
into the APPEL rule language for user privacy policies.
Comment:
This full-blown W3C standards effort is based largely on my work,
both research (on semantic web rules and services applications) and
early standards design (including RuleML
and SWSF).
I am a participant and will be presenting on background of the WG
at the kickoff meeting.
The Working Group builds on the earlier
W3C Rules Workshop.
Techniques for interoperating between production rules and logic programs,
including my approach (based on Production Logic Programs,
a generalization of Situated Courteous Logic Programs) used in RuleML,
SweetRules,
SweetDeal, and partially in SWSF,
will probably loom large in the Working Group effort.
Comment:
I helped author the Call For Participation, and am on the Program Committee.
I presented on SWSF
and also co-authored another presentation on
RuleML.
See the Workshop site
for those presentations.
RuleML, which I co-lead, loomed large in the Workshop.
Comment:
SWSF, which I co-edit,
loomed large in the Workshop.
Comment:
For the first year this was a full-blown Conference, after having been a
Workshop every year since 2002, colocated with ISWC ever since ISWC started.
I was Conference General Co-Chair in 2005, after also
having co-organized the establishment of
the earlier Workshop as a regular annual event since 2002.
