@inproceedings{thrush-etal:2020-investigating,
  year = {2020},
  title = {Investigating Novel Verb Learning in BERT: Selectional Preference Classes and Alternation-Based Syntactic Generalization},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2020 EMNLP Workshop BlackboxNLP: Analyzing and Interpreting Neural Networks for NLP},
  author = {Thrush, Tristan and Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb and P. Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{eisape-etal:2020-cloze,
  year = {2020},
  title = {Cloze Distillation Improves Psychometric Predictive Power},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 24th Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning (CoNLL)},
  author = {Eisape, Tiwalayo and Zaslavsky, Noga and P. Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{malmaud-etal:2020-bridging,
  year = {2020},
  title = {Bridging Information-Seeking Human Gaze and Machine Reading Comprehension},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 24th Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning (CoNLL)},
  author = {Malmaud, Jonathan and P. Levy, Roger and Berzak, Yevgeni}
}

@inproceedings{wilcox-etal:2020-structural-supervision,
  year = {2020},
  title = {Structural Supervision Improves Few-Shot Learning and Syntactic Generalization in Neural Language Models},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  author = {Wilcox, Ethan and Qian, Peng and Futrell, Richard and Kohita, Ryosuke and P. Levy, Roger and Ballesteros, Miguel}
}

@article{zhan-levy-kehler:2020pronoun-interpretation,
  year = {2020},
  volume = {15},
  title = {Pronoun Interpretation in Mandarin Chinese follows principles of Bayesian inference},
  pages = {1–42},
  number = {8},
  journal = {PLoS One},
  author = {Zhan, Meilin and Levy, Roger and Kehler, Andrew}
}

@inproceedings{hofer-etal:2020-hierarchical-generalizations,
  year = {2020},
  title = {Hierarchical Generalizations Support Systematicity Inferences in the Lexicon},
  pages = {2398–2404},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society},
  author = {Hofer, Matthias and Verhoef, Tessa and P. Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{tenenbaum-etal:2020-integrating-semantics,
  year = {2020},
  title = {Integrating Semantics Into Developmental Models of Morphology Learning},
  pages = {1700–1706},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society},
  author = {L. Tenenbaum, Abigail and Braginsky, Mika and P. Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{wilcox-etal:2020-on-the-predictive-power,
  year = {2020},
  title = {On the Predictive Power of Neural Language Models for Human Real-Time Comprehension Behavior},
  pages = {1707–1713},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society},
  author = {Wilcox, Ethan Gotlieb and Gauthier, Jon and Hu, Jennifer and Qian, Peng and P. Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{tessler-etal:2020-informational-goals,
  year = {2020},
  title = {Informational goals, sentence structure, and comparison class inference},
  pages = {537–543},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society},
  author = {Tessler, Michael Henry and Tsvilodub, Polina and Snedeker, Jesse and P. Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{meylan-etal:2020-childrens,
  year = {2020},
  title = {Children’s Expressive and Receptive Knowledge of the English Regular Plural},
  pages = {2270–2276},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society},
  author = {Meylan, Stephan and P. Levy, Roger and Bergelson, Elika}
}

@inproceedings{eisape-etal:2020-toward,
  year = {2020},
  title = {Toward Human-like Object Naming in Artificial Neural Systems},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the ICLR Workshop on Bridging AI and Cognitive Science (BAICS)},
  author = {Eisape, Tiwalayo and P. Levy, Roger and B. Tenenbaum, Joshua and Zaslavsky, Noga}
}

@inproceedings{gauthier-etal:2020-syntaxgym,
  year = {2020},
  title = {SyntaxGym: An Online Platform for Targeted Evaluation of Language Models},
  pages = {70–76},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  author = {Gauthier, Jon and Hu, Jennifer and Wilcox, Ethan and Qian, Peng and P. Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{berzak-etal:2020-STARC,
  year = {2020},
  title = {STARC: Structured Annotations for Reading Comprehension},
  pages = {5726–5735},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  author = {Berzak, Yevgeni and Malmaud, Jonathan and P. Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{hu-etal:2020-systematic-assessment,
  year = {2020},
  title = {A Systematic Assessment of Syntactic Generalization in Neural Language Models},
  pages = {1725–1744},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  author = {Hu, Jennifer and Gauthier, Jon and Qian, Peng and Wilcox, Ethan and P. Levy, Roger}
}

@article{futrell-etal:2020-dependency-locality,
  year = {2020},
  volume = {96},
  title = {Dependency Locality as an explanatory principle for word order},
  pages = {371–412},
  number = {2},
  journal = {Language},
  author = {Futrell, Richard and Levy, Roger P. and Gibson, Edward}
}

@article{futrell-etal:2020-lossy-context-surprisal,
  year = {2020},
  volume = {44},
  title = {Lossy-Context Surprisal: An information-theoretic model of memory effects in sentence processing},
  pages = {1–54},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  author = {Futrell, Richard and Gibson, Edward and P. Levy, Roger}
}

@article{ryskin-etal:2020-domain-general,
  year = {2020},
  volume = {136},
  title = {Do domain-general executive resources play a role in linguistic prediction? Re-evaluation of the evidence and a path forward},
  pages = {1–12},
  journal = {Neuropsychologia},
  author = {Ryskin, Rachel and Levy, Roger P. and Fedorenko, Evelina}
}

@inproceedings{hu-etal:2020-a-closer-look,
  year = {2020},
  title = {A closer look at the performance of neural language models on reflexive anaphor licensing},
  pages = {382–392},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Society for Computation in Linguistics (SCiL) 2020},
  author = {Hu, Jennifer and Chen, Sherry Yong and Levy, Roger P.}
}

@article{boyce-etal:2020-maze-made-easy,
  year = {2020},
  volume = {111},
  title = {Maze Made Easy: Better and easier measurement of incremental processing difficulty},
  pages = {1–13},
  journal = {Journal of Memory and Language},
  author = {Boyce, Veronica and Futrell, Richard and Levy, Roger}
}

@article{malsburg-etal:2020implicit-gender-bias,
  year = {2020},
  title = {Implicit gender bias in linguistic descriptions for expected events: The cases of the 2016 US and 2017 UK elections},
  pages = {1–14},
  journal = {Psychological Science},
  author = {von der Malsburg, Titus and Poppels, Till and Levy, Roger}
}

@article{bicknell-etal:2020-ongoing-cognitive-processing,
  year = {2020},
  title = {Ongoing cognitive processing influences precise eye movement targets in reading},
  pages = {1–12},
  journal = {Psychological Science},
  author = {Bicknell, Klinton and Levy, Roger and Rayner, Keith}
}

@online{zaslavsky-etal:2020-rate-distortion,
  year = {2020},
  title = {A Rate-Distortion view of human pragmatic reasoning},
  author = {Zaslavsky, Noga and Hu, Jennifer and P. Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{gauthier-levy:2019-linking,
  year = {2019},
  title = {Linking artificial and human neural representations of language},
  pages = {529–539},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing},
  author = {Gauthier, Jon and Levy, Roger P.}
}

@inproceedings{an-etal:2019representation-of-constituents,
  year = {2019},
  title = {Representation of Constituents in Neural Language Models: Coordination Phrase as a Case Study},
  pages = {2888–2899},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing},
  author = {An, Aixiu and Qian, Peng and Wilcox, Ethan and Levy, Roger P.}
}

@inproceedings{wilcox-etal:2019-hierarchical-representation,
  year = {2019},
  title = {Hierarchical Representation in Neural Language Models: Suppression and Recovery of Expectations},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second BlackboxNLP workshop},
  author = {Wilcox, Ethan and Levy, Roger P. and Futrell, Richard}
}

@inproceedings{qian-etal:2019-inferring-structured-visual-concepts,
  year = {2019},
  title = {Inferring Structured Visual Concepts from Minimal Data},
  pages = {2620–2626},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society},
  author = {Qian, Peng and Hewitt, Luke and Tenenbaum, Joshua B. and Levy, Roger P.}
}

@inproceedings{wilcox-etal:2019-what-syntactic-structures,
  year = {2019},
  title = {What Syntactic Structures Block Dependencies in RNN Language Models?},
  pages = {1199–1205},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society},
  author = {Wilcox, Ethan and Levy, Roger P. and Futrell, Richard}
}

@inproceedings{zhan-levy:2019-availability,
  year = {2019},
  title = {Availability-Based Production Predicts Speakers’ Real-time Choices of Mandarin Classifiers},
  pages = {1268–1274},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society},
  author = {Zhan, Meilin and Levy, Roger P.}
}

@inproceedings{tessler-etal:2019-incremental-understanding,
  year = {2019},
  title = {Incremental understanding of conjunctive generic sentences},
  pages = {2954–2960},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society},
  author = {Tessler, Michael Henry and Gu, Karen and Levy, Roger P.}
}

@inproceedings{hofer-etal:2019-iconicity-and-structure,
  year = {2019},
  title = {Iconicity and Structure in the Emergence of Combinatoriality},
  pages = {442–448},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society},
  author = {Hofer, Matthias and Levy, Roger P.}
}

@inproceedings{gauthier-etal:2019-rational-model,
  year = {2019},
  title = {A rational model of syntactic bootstrapping},
  pages = {1815–1821},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society},
  author = {Gauthier, Jon and Levy, Roger P. and Tenenbaum, Joshua B.}
}

@inproceedings{gillani-levy:2019simple,
  year = {2019},
  title = {Simple dynamic word embeddings to map perceptions in the public sphere},
  pages = {94–99},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Natural Language Processing and Computational Social Science},
  author = {Gillani, Nabeel and Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{wilcox-etal:2019-structural-supervision-improves,
  year = {2019},
  title = {Structural Supervision Improves Learning of Non-Local Grammatical Dependencies},
  pages = {3302–3312},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies},
  author = {Wilcox, Ethan and Qian, Peng and Futrell, Richard and Ballesteros, Miguel and Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{futrell-etal:2019-neural-language-models,
  year = {2019},
  title = {Neural language models as psycholinguistic subjects: Representations of syntactic state},
  pages = {32–42},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies},
  author = {Futrell, Richard and Wilcox, Ethan and Morita, Takashi and Qian, Peng and Ballesteros, Miguel and Levy, Roger}
}

@article{gibson-etal:2019-how-efficiency,
  year = {2019},
  volume = {23},
  title = {How Efficiency Shapes Human Language},
  pages = {389–407},
  number = {5},
  journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences},
  author = {Gibson, Edward and Futrell, Richard and Piantadosi, Steven and Dautriche, Isabelle and Mahowald, Kyle and Bergen, Leon and Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{futrell-levy:2019do-RNNs-learn,
  year = {2019},
  volume = {2},
  title = {Do RNNs learn human-like abstract word order preferences?},
  pages = {50–59},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Society for Computation in Linguistics (SCiL) 2019},
  author = {Futrell, Richard and Levy, Roger P.}
}

@article{aslin-levy:2019,
  year = {2019},
  volume = {3},
  title = {Cognitive Science Honors the Memory of Jeffrey Elman},
  pages = {23–30},
  journal = {Open Mind},
  author = {Aslin, Richard N. and Levy, Roger P.}
}

@inproceedings{wilcox-etal:2018-what-do-rnns,
  year = {2018},
  title = {What do RNN Language Models Learn about Filler–Gap Dependencies?},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Analyzing and Interpreting Neural Networks for NLP},
  author = {Wilcox, Ethan and Levy, Roger P. and Morita, Takashi and Futrell, Richard}
}

@article{kaestner-etal:2018toward,
  year = {2018},
  title = {Toward a database of intracranial electrophysiology during natural language presentation},
  journal = {Language, Cognition and Neuroscience},
  author = {Kaestner, Erik and Morgan, Adam Milton and Snider, Joseph and Zhan, Meilin and Jiang, Xi and Levy, Roger and Ferreira, Victor S. and Thesen, Thomas and Halgren, Eric}
}

@inproceedings{shen-etal:2018Comparing,
  year = {2018},
  title = {Comparing Models of Associative Meaning: An Empirical Investigation of Reference in Simple Language Games},
  pages = {292–301},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning (CoNLL)},
  author = {Shen, Judy and Hofer, Matthias and Felbo, Bjarke and Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{gauthier-etal:2018cogsci,
  year = {2018},
  title = {Word learning and the acquisition of syntactic–semantic overhypotheses},
  pages = {1699–1704},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society},
  author = {Gauthier, Jon and Levy, Roger P. and Tenenbaum, Joshua B.}
}

@inproceedings{ivanova-levy:2018cogsci,
  year = {2018},
  title = {Pragmatic Inference of Intended Referents from Binomial Word Order},
  pages = {1865–1870},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society},
  author = {Ivanova, Anna and Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{levy:2018cogsci,
  year = {2018},
  title = {Communicative Efficiency, Uniform Information Density, and the Rational Speech Act Theory},
  pages = {684–689},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society},
  author = {Levy, Roger P.}
}

@inproceedings{zhan-levy:2018naacl,
  year = {2018},
  title = {Comparing Theories of Speaker Choice Using a Model of Classifier Production in Mandarin Chinese},
  pages = {1997–2005},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies},
  author = {Zhan, Meilin and Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{berzak-etal:2018naacl,
  year = {2018},
  title = {Assessing Language Proficiency from Eye Movements in Reading},
  pages = {1986–1996},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies},
  author = {Berzak, Yevgeni and Katz, Boris and Levy, Roger}
}

@article{gibson-etal:2018-computerized-display,
  year = {2018},
  volume = {2},
  title = {The use of a computer display exaggerates the connection between exact and approximate number ability in remote populations},
  pages = {37–46},
  number = {1},
  journal = {Open Mind},
  author = {Gibson, Edward and Jara-Ettinger, Julian and Levy, Roger P. and Piantadosi, Steven T.}
}

@article{futrell-etal:2017generalizing,
  year = {2017},
  volume = {21},
  title = {Generalizing dependency distance: Comment on “Dependency distance: A new perspective on syntactic patterns in natural languages” by Haitao Liu et al.},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  pages = {197–199},
  journal = {Physics of Life Reviews},
  author = {Futrell, Richard and Levy, Roger and Gibson, Edward}
}

@inproceedings{hofer-levy:2017cogsci,
  year = {2017},
  title = {Modeling Sources of Uncertainty in Spoken Word Learning},
  pages = {550–555},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society},
  author = {Hofer, Matthias and Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{futrell-levy:2017eacl,
  year = {2017},
  title = {Noisy-context surprisal as a human sentence processing cost model},
  pages = {688–698},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 15th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL)},
  author = {Futrell, Richard and Levy, Roger}
}

@article{meylan-etal:2017-psysci,
  year = {2017},
  volume = {28},
  title = {The emergence of an abstract grammatical category in children’s early speech},
  pages = {181–192},
  number = {2},
  journal = {Psychological Science},
  author = {Meylan, Stephan and Frank, Michael C. and Roy, Brandon C. and Levy, Roger}
}

@article{wittenberg-levy:2017-jml-quick-kiss,
  year = {2017},
  volume = {94},
  title = {If You Want A Quick Kiss, Make It Count: How Choice Of Syntactic Construction Affects Event Construal},
  pages = {254–271},
  journal = {Journal of Memory and Language},
  author = {Wittenberg, Eva and Levy, Roger}
}

@article{gibson-etal:2017-post-hoc,
  year = {2017},
  volume = {34},
  title = {Post Hoc Analysis Decisions Drive the Reported Reading Time Effects in Hackl, Koster-Hale & Varvoutis (2012)},
  pages = {539–546},
  journal = {Journal of Semantics},
  author = {Gibson, Edward and Piantadosi, Steven T. and Levy, Roger}
}

@article{leinenger-myslin-rayner-levy:2017-jml,
  year = {2017},
  volume = {93},
  title = {Do resource constraints affect lexical processing? Evidence from eye movements},
  pages = {82–103},
  journal = {Journal of Memory and Language},
  author = {Leinenger, Mallorie and Myslin, Mark and Rayner, Keith and Levy, Roger}
}

@article{jara-ettinger-etal:2017-cardinality,
  year = {2017},
  volume = {20},
  title = {Mastery of the logic of natural numbers is not the result of mastery of counting: Evidence from late counters},
  pages = {e12459},
  number = {6},
  journal = {Developmental Science},
  author = {Jara-Ettinger, Julian and Piantadosi, Steve and Spelke, Elizabeth S. and Levy, Roger and Gibson, Edward}
}

@online{futrell-etal:2017arXiv-statistical-comparison,
  year = {2017},
  title = {A Statistical Comparison of Some Theories of NP Word Order},
  author = {Futrell, Richard and Levy, Roger and Dryer, Matthew}
}

@inproceedings{doyle-levy:2016-COLING,
  year = {2016},
  title = {Data-driven learning of symbolic constraints for a log-linear model in a phonological setting},
  pages = {2217-2226},
  month = {dec},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING)},
  author = {Doyle, Gabriel and Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{gutierrez-levy-bergen:2016acl,
  year = {2016},
  title = {Finding Non-Arbitrary Form-Meaning Systematicity Using String-Metric Learning for Kernel Regression},
  pages = {2379–2388},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  author = {Gutiérrez, E. Darı́o and Levy, Roger and Bergen, Benjamin}
}

@inproceedings{zhan-levy-kehler:2016cogsci,
  year = {2016},
  title = {Bayesian Pronoun Interpretation in Mandarin Chinese},
  pages = {2393–2398},
  howpublished = {Oral presentation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society},
  author = {Zhan, Meilin and Levy, Roger and Kehler, Andrew}
}

@inproceedings{poppels-levy:2016cogsci,
  year = {2016},
  title = {Structure-sensitive Noise Inference: Comprehenders Expect Exchange Errors},
  pages = {378–383},
  howpublished = {Poster presentation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society},
  author = {Poppels, Till and Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{morgan-levy:2016evolang,
  year = {2016},
  title = {Frequency-dependent regularization in iterated learning},
  editor = {Roberts, S.G. and Cuskley, C. and McCrohon, L. and Barceló-Coblijn, L. and Feher, O. and Verhoef, T.},
  booktitle = {The Evolution of Language: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference (EVOLANG11)},
  author = {Morgan, Emily and Levy, Roger}
}

@article{potts-etal:2016-embedded-implicatures,
  year = {2016},
  volume = {33},
  title = {Embedded Implicatures as Pragmatic Inferences under Compositional Lexical Uncertainty},
  pages = {755–802},
  number = {4},
  journal = {Journal of Semantics},
  author = {Potts, Christopher and Lassiter, Daniel and Levy, Roger and Frank, Michael C.}
}

@article{pajak-creel-levy:2016similarWords,
  year = {2016},
  volume = {42},
  title = {Difficulty in learning similar-sounding words: a developmental stage or a general property of learning?},
  pages = {1377–1399},
  number = {9},
  journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition},
  author = {Pająk, Bożena and Creel, Sarah C. and Levy, Roger}
}

@article{myslin-levy:2016rationalPriming,
  year = {2016},
  volume = {147},
  title = {Comprehension priming as rational expectation for repetition: Evidence from syntactic processing},
  pages = {29–56},
  journal = {Cognition},
  author = {Myslín, Mark and Levy, Roger}
}

@article{bergen-levy-goodman:2016-sp,
  year = {2016},
  volume = {9},
  title = {Pragmatic Reasoning through Semantic Inference},
  number = {20},
  journal = {Semantics and Pragmatics},
  author = {Bergen, Leon and Levy, Roger and Goodman, Noah}
}

@article{morgan-levy:2016-cognition,
  year = {2016},
  volume = {157},
  title = {Abstract knowledge versus direct experience in processing of binomial expressions},
  pages = {384–402},
  journal = {Cognition},
  author = {Morgan, Emily and Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{poppels-levy:2015ac,
  year = {2015},
  title = {Resolving quantity and informativeness implicature in indefinite reference},
  pages = {313–322},
  editor = {Zuidema, Willem and Szymanik, Jakub},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2015 Amsterdam Colloquium: The Workshop on Reasoning in Natural Language},
  author = {Poppels, Till and Levy, Roger}
}

@article{kao-levy-goodman:2015cogsci,
  year = {2015},
  title = {A Computational Model of Linguistic Humor in Puns},
  pages = {1–16},
  journal = {Cognitive Science},
  author = {Kao, Justine T. and Levy, Roger and Goodman, Noah D.}
}

@inproceedings{potts-levy:2015bls,
  year = {2015},
  title = {Negotiating Lexical Uncertainty and Speaker Expertise with Disjunction},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society},
  author = {Potts, Christopher and Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{morgan-levy:2015cogsci,
  year = {2015},
  title = {Modeling idiosyncratic preferences: How generative knowledge and expression frequency jointly determine language structure},
  pages = {1649–1654},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 37th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society},
  author = {Morgan, Emily and Levy, Roger}
}

@incollection{wasow-etal:2015,
  year = {2015},
  title = {Processing, Prosody, and Optional to},
  publisher = {Springer},
  pages = {133–158},
  editor = {Frazier, Lyn and Gibson, Edward},
  booktitle = {Explicit and Implicit Prosody in Sentence Processing},
  author = {Wasow, Thomas and Levy, Roger and Melnick, Robin and Zhu, Hanzhi and Juzek, Tom}
}

@article{myslin-levy:2015language,
  year = {2015},
  volume = {91},
  title = {Codeswitching and predictability of meaning in discourse},
  pages = {871–905},
  number = {4},
  journal = {Language},
  author = {Myslín, Mark and Levy, Roger}
}

@online{levy:2014mainEffects,
  year = {2014},
  title = {Using R formulae to test for main effects in the presence of higher-order interactions},
  author = {Levy, Roger}
}

@article{pajak-levy:2014jphon,
  year = {2014},
  volume = {46},
  title = {The role of abstraction in non-native speech perception},
  pages = {147–160},
  journal = {Journal of Phonetics},
  author = {Pająk, Bożena and Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{doyle-etal:2014acl,
  year = {2014},
  title = {Nonparametric Learning of Phonological Constraints in Optimality Theory},
  pages = {1094–1103},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  author = {Doyle, Gabriel and Bicknell, Klinton and Levy, Roger}
}

@article{schotter-etal:2014cognition,
  year = {2014},
  volume = {131},
  title = {Task effects reveal cognitive flexibility responding to frequency and predictability: Evidence from eye movements in reading and proofreading},
  pages = {1–27},
  number = {1},
  journal = {Cognition},
  author = {Schotter, Elizabeth R. and Bicknell, Klinton and Howard, Ian and Levy, Roger and Rayner, Keith}
}

@article{pereira-etal:2014,
  year = {2014},
  volume = {36},
  title = {On the Role of Correlation and Abstraction in Cross-Modal Multimedia Retrieval},
  pages = {521–535},
  number = {3},
  journal = {IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence},
  author = {Pereira, Jose Costa and Coviello, Emanuele and Doyle, Gabriel and Rasiwasia, Nikhil and Lanckriet, Gert and Levy, Roger and Vasconcelos, Nuno}
}

@inproceedings{pajak-bicknell-levy:2013,
  year = {2013},
  title = {A model of generalization in distributional learning of phonetic categories},
  pages = {11–20},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th Annual Workshop on Cognitive Modeling and Computational Linguistics},
  author = {Pająk, Bożena and Bicknell, Klinton and Levy, Roger}
}

@article{levy-gibson:2013,
  year = {2013},
  volume = {4},
  title = {Surprisal, the PDC, and the primary locus of processing difficulty in relative clauses},
  number = {229},
  journal = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  author = {Levy, Roger and Gibson, Edward}
}

@inproceedings{meylan-frank-levy:2013cogsci,
  year = {2013},
  title = {Modeling the Development of Determiner Productivity in Children’s Early Speech},
  pages = {3032–3037},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society},
  author = {Meylan, Stephan and Frank, Michael C. and Levy, Roger}
}

@incollection{levy:2013sentenceProcessing,
  year = {2013},
  title = {Memory and Surprisal in Human Sentence Comprehension},
  publisher = {Hove: Psychology Press},
  pages = {78–114},
  editor = {van Gompel, Roger P. G.},
  booktitle = {Sentence Processing},
  author = {Levy, Roger}
}

@article{levy-keller:2013,
  year = {2013},
  volume = {68},
  title = {Expectation and Locality Effects in German Verb-final Structures},
  pages = {199–222},
  number = {2},
  journal = {Journal of Memory and Language},
  author = {Levy, Roger and Keller, Frank}
}

@article{barr-etal:2013jml,
  year = {2013},
  volume = {68},
  title = {Random effects structure for confirmatory hypothesis testing: Keep it maximal},
  pages = {255–278},
  number = {3},
  journal = {Journal of Memory and Language},
  author = {Barr, Dale J. and Levy, Roger and Scheepers, Christoph and Tily, Harry J.}
}

@article{levy-fedorenko-gibson:2013jml,
  year = {2013},
  volume = {69},
  title = {The syntactic complexity of Russian relative clauses},
  pages = {461–495},
  number = {4},
  journal = {Journal of Memory and Language},
  author = {Levy, Roger and Fedorenko, Evelina and Gibson, Edward}
}

@article{smith-levy:2013,
  year = {2013},
  volume = {128},
  title = {The effect of word predictability on reading time is logarithmic},
  pages = {302–319},
  number = {3},
  journal = {Cognition},
  author = {Smith, Nathaniel J. and Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{bicknell-etal:2013cogsci,
  year = {2013},
  title = {Evidence for cognitively controlled saccade targeting in reading},
  pages = {197–202},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society},
  author = {Bicknell, Klinton and Higgins, Emily and Levy, Roger and Rayner, Keith}
}

@inproceedings{kao-etal:2013cogsci,
  year = {2013},
  title = {The Funny Thing about Incongruity: A Computational Model of Humor in Puns},
  pages = {728–733},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society},
  author = {Kao, Justine and Levy, Roger and Goodman, Noah}
}

@inproceedings{doyle-levy:2013,
  year = {2013},
  title = {Combining multiple information types in Bayesian word segmentation},
  pages = {117–126},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2013 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies},
  author = {Doyle, Gabriel and Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{pajak-creel-levy:2012,
  year = {2012},
  title = {Can native-language perceptual bias facilitate learning words in a new language?},
  pages = {2174–2179},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 34th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society},
  author = {Pająk, Bożena and Creel, Sarah C. and Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{bergen-levy-gibson:2012cogsci,
  year = {2012},
  title = {Verb omission errors: Evidence of rational processing of noisy language inputs},
  pages = {1320–1325},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 34th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society},
  author = {Bergen, Leon and Levy, Roger and Gibson, Edward}
}

@inproceedings{bergen-goodman-levy:2012,
  year = {2012},
  title = {That’s what she (could have) said: How alternative utterances affect language use},
  pages = {120–125},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 34th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society},
  author = {Bergen, Leon and Goodman, Noah D. and Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{bicknell-levy:2012cmcl,
  year = {2012},
  title = {Why long words take longer to read: the role of uncertainty about word length},
  pages = {21–30},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Workshop on Cognitive Modeling and Computational Linguistics},
  author = {Bicknell, Klinton and Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{fossum-levy:2012cmcl,
  year = {2012},
  title = {Sequential vs. Hierarchical Syntactic Models of Human Incremental Sentence Processing},
  pages = {61–69},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Workshop on Cognitive Modeling and Computational Linguistics},
  author = {Fossum, Victoria and Levy, Roger},
  address = {Montreal, Quebec}
}

@inproceedings{bicknell-levy:2012cogsci,
  year = {2012},
  title = {Word predictability and frequency effects in a rational model of reading},
  pages = {126–131},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 34th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society},
  author = {Bicknell, Klinton and Levy, Roger},
  address = {Sapporo, Japan}
}

@article{bicknell-levy:2012viscog,
  year = {2012},
  volume = {20},
  title = {The utility of modeling word identification from visual input within models of eye movements in reading},
  pages = {422–456},
  number = {4–5},
  journal = {Visual Cognition},
  author = {Bicknell, Klinton and Levy, Roger}
}

@article{levy-fedorenko-breen-gibson:2012cognition,
  year = {2012},
  volume = {122},
  title = {The Processing of Extraposed Structures in English},
  pages = {12–36},
  number = {1},
  journal = {Cognition},
  author = {Levy, Roger and Fedorenko, Evelina and Breen, Mara and Gibson, Ted}
}

@inproceedings{pajak-levy:2012bucld,
  year = {2012},
  title = {Distributional Learning of L2 Phonological Categories by Listeners with Different Language Backgrounds},
  publisher = {Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press},
  pages = {400–413},
  editor = {Biller, Alia and Chung, Esther and Kimball, Amelia},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 36th Boston University Conference on Language Development},
  author = {Pająk, Bożena and Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{bicknell-levy:2011cogsci,
  year = {2011},
  title = {Why readers regress to previous words: A statistical analysis},
  pages = {931–936},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society},
  author = {Bicknell, Klinton and Levy, Roger}
}

@article{levy:2011cicem,
  year = {2011},
  volume = {9},
  title = {Probabilistic Linguistic Expectations, Uncertain Input, and Implications for Eye Movements in Reading},
  pages = {52–63},
  number = {1},
  journal = {Studies of Psychology and Behavior},
  author = {Levy, Roger}
}

@article{levy-daume:2011,
  year = {2011},
  volume = {15},
  title = {Computational methods are invaluable for typology, but the models must match the questions: Commentary on Dunn et al. (2011)},
  pages = {393–399},
  number = {2},
  journal = {Linguistic Typology},
  author = {Levy, Roger and Daumé III, Hal}
}

@inproceedings{pajak-levy:2011cogsci,
  year = {2011},
  title = {Phonological Generalization from Distributional Evidence},
  publisher = {Cognitive Science Society},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society},
  author = {Pająk, Bożena and Levy, Roger},
  address = {Austin, TX}
}

@inproceedings{levy:2011acl,
  year = {2011},
  title = {Integrating surprisal and uncertain-input models in online sentence comprehension: formal techniques and empirical results},
  pages = {1055–1065},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies},
  author = {Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{west-etal:2011bea,
  year = {2011},
  title = {Bilingual Random Walk Models for Automated Grammar Correction of ESL Author-Produced Text},
  pages = {170–179},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications},
  author = {West, Randy and Park, Y. Albert and Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{park-levy:2011acl,
  year = {2011},
  title = {Automated Whole Sentence Grammar Correction Using a Noisy Channel Model},
  pages = {934–944},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies},
  author = {Park, Y. Albert and Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{smith-levy:2011cogsci,
  year = {2011},
  title = {Cloze but no cigar: The complex relationship between cloze, corpus, and subjective probabilities in language processing},
  pages = {1637–1642},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society},
  author = {Smith, Nathaniel J. and Levy, Roger}
}

@article{rohde-levy-kehler:2011,
  year = {2011},
  volume = {118},
  title = {Anticipating Explanations in Relative Clause Processing},
  pages = {339–358},
  number = {3},
  journal = {Cognition},
  author = {Rohde, Hannah and Levy, Roger and Kehler, Andrew}
}

@inproceedings{pajak-levy:2011cls,
  year = {2011},
  title = {How abstract are phonological representations? Evidence from distributional learning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Chicago Linguistic Society},
  author = {Pająk, Bożena and Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{colavin-etal:2010,
  year = {2010},
  title = {Modeling OCP-Place with the Maximum Entropy Phonotactic Learner},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Chicago Linguistic Society},
  author = {Colavin, Rebecca and Levy, Roger and Rose, Sharon}
}

@inproceedings{rasiwasia-etal:2010acm,
  year = {2010},
  title = {A New Approach To Cross-Modal Multimedia Retrieval},
  pages = {251–260},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Multimedia},
  author = {Rasiwasia, Nikhil and Pereira, Jose M. Costa and Coviello, Emanuele and Doyle, Gabriel and Lanckriet, Gert R. G. and Levy, Roger and Vasconcelos, Nuno}
}

@inproceedings{bicknell-levy:2010cogsci,
  year = {2010},
  title = {Rational eye movements in reading combining uncertainty about previous words with contextual probability},
  pages = {1142–1147},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society},
  author = {Bicknell, Klinton and Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{bicknell-levy:2010acl,
  year = {2010},
  title = {A Rational Model of Eye Movement Control in Reading},
  pages = {1168–1178},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  author = {Bicknell, Klinton and Levy, Roger},
  address = {Uppsala, Sweden}
}

@inproceedings{smith-levy:2010cogsci,
  year = {2010},
  title = {Fixation durations in first-pass reading reflect uncertainty about word identity},
  pages = {1313–1318},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society},
  author = {Smith, Nathaniel J. and Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{smith-etal:2010cogsci,
  year = {2010},
  title = {Is perceptual acuity asymmetric in isolated word recognition? Evidence from an ideal-observer reverse-engineering approach},
  pages = {1483–1488},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society},
  author = {Smith, Nathaniel J. and Chan, Wen-Hsuan and Levy, Roger}
}

@article{levy-etal:2009pnas,
  year = {2009},
  volume = {106},
  title = {Eye Movement Evidence that Readers Maintain and Act on Uncertainty about Past Linguistic Input},
  pages = {21086–21090},
  number = {50},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  author = {Levy, Roger and Bicknell, Klinton and Slattery, Tim and Rayner, Keith}
}

@inproceedings{bicknell-levy-demberg:2009,
  year = {2009},
  title = {Correcting the incorrect: Local coherence effects modeled with prior belief update},
  pages = {13–24},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society},
  author = {Bicknell, Klinton and Levy, Roger and Demberg, Vera}
}

@inproceedings{park-levy:2009naacl,
  year = {2009},
  title = {Minimal-length linearizations for mildly context-sensitive dependency trees},
  pages = {335–343},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th Annual Meeting of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL-HLT) conference},
  author = {Park, Y. Albert and Levy, Roger},
  address = {Boulder, Colorado, USA}
}

@inproceedings{levy-etal:2009nips,
  year = {2009},
  title = {Modeling the effects of memory on human online sentence processing with particle filters},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 22nd Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS)},
  author = {Levy, Roger and Reali, Florencia and Griffiths, Thomas L.}
}

@inproceedings{bicknell-levy:2009naacl,
  year = {2009},
  title = {A model of local coherence effects in human sentence processing as consequences of updates from bottom-up prior to posterior beliefs},
  pages = {665–673},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th Annual Meeting of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (NAACL-HLT) conference},
  author = {Bicknell, Klinton and Levy, Roger},
  address = {Boulder, Colorado, USA}
}

@article{levy:2008,
  year = {2008},
  volume = {106},
  title = {Expectation-Based Syntactic Comprehension},
  pages = {1126–1177},
  number = {3},
  journal = {Cognition},
  author = {Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{smith-levy:2008,
  year = {2008},
  title = {Optimal Processing Times in Reading: a Formal Model and Empirical Investigation},
  pages = {595–600},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 30th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society},
  author = {Smith, Nathaniel J. and Levy, Roger},
  address = {Washington, DC}
}

@inproceedings{levy:2008emnlp,
  year = {2008},
  title = {A noisy-channel model of rational human sentence comprehension under uncertain input},
  pages = {234–243},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  author = {Levy, Roger},
  address = {Waikiki, Honolulu}
}

@inproceedings{doyle-levy:2008bls,
  year = {2008},
  title = {Environment Prototypicality in Syntactic Alternation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 34th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society},
  author = {Doyle, Gabriel and Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{levy-jaeger:2007,
  year = {2007},
  title = {Speakers Optimize Information Density Through Syntactic Reduction},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 20th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS)},
  author = {Levy, Roger and Jaeger, T. Florian}
}

@article{benor-levy:2006,
  year = {2006},
  volume = {82},
  title = {The Chicken or the Egg? A Probabilistic Analysis of English Binomials},
  pages = {233–278},
  number = {2},
  journal = {Language},
  author = {Benor, Sarah Bunin and Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{levy-andrew:2006,
  year = {2006},
  title = {Tregex and Tsurgeon: tools for querying and manipulating tree data structures},
  pages = {2231–2234},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2006 conference on Language Resources and Evaluation},
  author = {Levy, Roger and Andrew, Galen}
}

@techreport{rambow-etal:2006,
  year = {2006},
  title = {Parsing Arabic Dialects},
  institution = {Johns Hopkins University},
  author = {Rambow, Owen and Chiang, David and Diab, Mona and Habash, Nizar and Hwa, Rebecca and Sima’an, Khalil and Lacey, Vincent and Levy, Roger and Nichols, Carol and Shareef, Safiullah}
}

@phdthesis{levy:2005,
  year = {2005},
  title = {Probabilistic Models of Word Order and Syntactic Discontinuity},
  school = {Stanford University},
  author = {Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{levy-manning:2004,
  year = {2004},
  title = {Deep dependencies from context-free statistical parsers: correcting the surface dependency approximation},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  author = {Levy, Roger and Manning, Christopher}
}

@inproceedings{lev-etal:2004,
  year = {2004},
  title = {Solving Logic Puzzles: From Robust Processing to Precise Semantics},
  pages = {9–16},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Text Meaning and Interpretation},
  author = {Lev, Iddo and MacCartney, Bill and Manning, Christopher and Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{levy-manning:2003,
  year = {2003},
  title = {Is it harder to parse Chinese, or the Chinese Treebank?},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  author = {Levy, Roger and Manning, Christopher}
}

@inproceedings{thompson-etal:2003,
  year = {2003},
  title = {A Generative Model for FrameNet Semantic Role Labeling},
  pages = {397–408},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Machine Learning},
  author = {Thompson, Cynthia and Levy, Roger and Manning, Christopher}
}

@inproceedings{levy-oshima:2003,
  year = {2003},
  title = {Non-transitive information flow in Japanese noun-classifier matching},
  publisher = {CSLI Publications},
  pages = {257–277},
  editor = {Müller, Stefan},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar},
  author = {Levy, Roger and Oshima, David}
}

@unpublished{levy:2002,
  year = {2002},
  title = {The Statistical Distribution of English Coordinate Noun Phrases: Parallelism and Weight Effects},
  author = {Levy, Roger}
}

@incollection{aoki-satoh-levy:2002,
  year = {2002},
  title = {Theoretical aspects of brother–sister mating in birds and mammals},
  publisher = {Nichibunken, Kyoto},
  pages = {5–15},
  editor = {Aoki, Kenichi and Akazawa, Takeru},
  booktitle = {Human mate choice and prehistoric marital networks},
  author = {Aoki, Kenichi and Satoh, Daisuke and Levy, Roger}
}

@unpublished{levy:2001,
  year = {2001},
  title = {Feature Indeterminacy and the Coordination of Unlikes in a Totally Well-Typed HPSG},
  author = {Levy, Roger}
}

@inproceedings{levy-pollard:2001,
  year = {2001},
  title = {Coordination and Neutralization in HPSG},
  publisher = {CSLI Publications},
  pages = {221–234},
  editor = {Eynde, Frank Van and Hellan, Lars and Beermann, Dorothee},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar},
  author = {Levy, Roger and Pollard, Carl}
}