PATENTS

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1.Level shifter and related methods and apparatus

Patent number: 9473136

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided directed to a device, including at least one ultrasonic transducer, a level shifter coupled to the at least one ultrasonic transducer, the level shifter including an input terminal configured to receive an input voltage, an output terminal configured to provide an output voltage level-shifted from the input voltage, a capacitor coupled between the input terminal and the output terminal, and a diode coupled in reverse-biased configuration between an input to an active high voltage element and a first voltage of a high voltage power supply.

Type: Grant

Filed: December 2, 2015

Date of Patent: October 18, 2016

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Kailiang Chen

2.MICROFABRICATED ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS

Publication number: 20160290969

Abstract: Micromachined ultrasonic transducers integrated with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) substrates are described, as well as methods of fabricating such devices. Fabrication may involve two separate wafer bonding steps. Wafer bonding may be used to fabricate sealed cavities in a substrate. Wafer bonding may also be used to bond the substrate to another substrate, such as a CMOS wafer. At least the second wafer bonding may be performed at a low temperature.

Type: Application

Filed: June 9, 2016

Publication date: October 6, 2016

Applicant: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Susan A. Alie, Keith G. Fife, Nevada J. Sanchez

3.MICROFABRICATED ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS

Publication number: 20160290970

Abstract: Micromachined ultrasonic transducers integrated with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) substrates are described, as well as methods of fabricating such devices. Fabrication may involve two separate wafer bonding steps. Wafer bonding may be used to fabricate sealed cavities in a substrate. Wafer bonding may also be used to bond the substrate to another substrate, such as a CMOS wafer. At least the second wafer bonding may be performed at a low temperature.

Type: Application

Filed: June 9, 2016

Publication date: October 6, 2016

Applicant: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Susan A. Alie, Keith G. Fife, Nevada J. Sanchez

4.MICROFABRICATED ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS

Publication number: 20160280538

Abstract: Micromachined ultrasonic transducers integrated with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) substrates are described, as well as methods of fabricating such devices. Fabrication may involve two separate wafer bonding steps. Wafer bonding may be used to fabricate sealed cavities in a substrate. Wafer bonding may also be used to bond the substrate to another substrate, such as a CMOS wafer. At least the second wafer bonding may be performed at a low temperature.

Type: Application

Filed: June 9, 2016

Publication date: September 29, 2016

Applicant: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Susan A. Alie, Keith G. Fife, Nevada J. Sanchez

5.CMOS ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS

Publication number: 20160264400

Abstract: CMOS Ultrasonic Transducers and processes for making such devices are described. The processes may include forming cavities on a first wafer and bonding the first wafer to a second wafer. The second wafer may be processed to form a membrane for the cavities. Electrical access to the cavities may be provided.

Type: Application

Filed: May 19, 2016

Publication date: September 15, 2016

Applicant: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Keith G. Fife, Gregory L. Charvat, Nevada J. Sanchez

6.MONOLITHIC ULTRASONIC IMAGING DEVICES, SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Publication number: 20160242739

Abstract: To implement a single-chip ultrasonic imaging solution, on-chip signal processing may be employed in the receive signal path to reduce data bandwidth and a high-speed serial data module may be used to move data for all received channels off-chip as digital data stream. The digitization of received signals on-chip allows advanced digital signal processing to be performed on-chip, and thus permits the full integration of an entire ultrasonic imaging system on a single semiconductor substrate. Various novel waveform generation techniques, transducer configuration and biasing methodologies, etc., are likewise disclosed. HIFU methods may additionally or alternatively be employed as a component of the “ultrasound-on-a-chip” solution disclosed herein.

Type: Application

Filed: April 29, 2016

Publication date: August 25, 2016

Applicant: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Keith G. Fife, Gregory L. Charvat, Nevada J. Sanchez

7.COMPLEMENTARY METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR (CMOS) ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS AND METHODS FOR FORMING THE SAME

Publication number: 20160207760

Abstract: Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) ultrasonic transducers (CUTs) and methods for forming CUTs are described. The CUTs may include monolithically integrated ultrasonic transducers and integrated circuits for operating in connection with the transducers. The CUTs may be used in ultrasound devices such as ultrasound imaging devices and/or high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) devices.

Type: Application

Filed: February 12, 2016

Publication date: July 21, 2016

Applicant: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Keith G. Fife, Gregory L. Charvat, Nevada J. Sanchez

8.Microfabricated ultrasonic transducers and related apparatus and methods

Patent number: 9394162

Abstract: Micromachined ultrasonic transducers integrated with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) substrates are described, as well as methods of fabricating such devices. Fabrication may involve two separate wafer bonding steps. Wafer bonding may be used to fabricate sealed cavities in a substrate. Wafer bonding may also be used to bond the substrate to another substrate, such as a CMOS wafer. At least the second wafer bonding may be performed at a low temperature.

Type: Grant

Filed: May 19, 2015

Date of Patent: July 19, 2016

Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Susan A. Alie, Keith G. Fife, Nevada J. Sanchez

9.MONOLITHIC ULTRASONIC IMAGING DEVICES, SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Publication number: 20160202349

Abstract: To implement a single-chip ultrasonic imaging solution, on-chip signal processing may be employed in the receive signal path to reduce data bandwidth and a high-speed serial data module may be used to move data for all received channels off-chip as digital data stream. The digitization of received signals on-chip allows advanced digital signal processing to be performed on-chip, and thus permits the full integration of an entire ultrasonic imaging system on a single semiconductor substrate. Various novel waveform generation techniques, transducer configuration and biasing methodologies, etc., are likewise disclosed. HIFU methods may additionally or alternatively be employed as a component of the “ultrasound-on-a-chip” solution disclosed herein.

Type: Application

Filed: March 21, 2016

Publication date: July 14, 2016

Applicant: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Keith G. Fife, Gregory L. Charvat, Nevada J. Sanchez

10.Interconnectable ultrasound transducer probes and related methods and apparatus

Patent number: 9351706

Abstract: Ultrasound devices and methods are described, including a repeatable ultrasound transducer probe having ultrasonic transducers and corresponding circuitry. The repeatable ultrasound transducer probe may be used individually or coupled with other instances of the repeatable ultrasound transducer probe to create a desired ultrasound device. The ultrasound devices may optionally be connected to various types of external devices to provide additional processing and image rendering functionality.

Type: Grant

Filed: December 5, 2014

Date of Patent: May 31, 2016

Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Keith G. Fife, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat, Gregory Corteville

11.LOW FIELD MAGNETIC RESONANCE METHODS AND APPARATUS

Publication number: 20160128592

Abstract: According to some aspects a system is provided comprising a low-field magnetic resonance (MR) device, at least one electrophysiological device, and at least one controller configured to operate the low-field MR device to obtain MR data and to operate the at least one electrophysiological device to obtain electrophysiological data.

Type: Application

Filed: November 11, 2015

Publication date: May 12, 2016

Applicant: Hyperfine Research, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Matthew Scot Rosen, Gregory L. Charvat, Laura Sacolick, Mathieu Sarracanie, Jonathan M. Rothberg

12.Monolithic ultrasonic imaging devices, systems and methods

Patent number: 9327142

Abstract: To implement a single-chip ultrasonic imaging solution, on-chip signal processing may be employed in the receive signal path to reduce data bandwidth and a high-speed serial data module may be used to move data for all received channels off-chip as digital data stream. The digitization of received signals on-chip allows advanced digital signal processing to be performed on-chip, and thus permits the full integration of an entire ultrasonic imaging system on a single semiconductor substrate. Various novel waveform generation techniques, transducer configuration and biasing methodologies, etc., are likewise disclosed. HIFU methods may additionally or alternatively be employed as a component of the “ultrasound-on-a-chip” solution disclosed herein.

Type: Grant

Filed: December 5, 2014

Date of Patent: May 3, 2016

Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Keith G. Fife, Gregory L. Charvat, Nevada J. Sanchez

13.Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) ultrasonic transducers and methods for forming the same

Patent number: 9290375

Abstract: Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) ultrasonic transducers (CUTs) and methods for forming CUTs are described. The CUTs may include monolithically integrated ultrasonic transducers and integrated circuits for operating in connection with the transducers. The CUTs may be used in ultrasound devices such as ultrasound imaging devices and/or high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) devices.

Type: Grant

Filed: May 13, 2015

Date of Patent: March 22, 2016

Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Keith G. Fife, Gregory L. Charvat, Nevada J. Sanchez

14.ARCHITECTURE OF SINGLE SUBSTRATE ULTRASONIC IMAGING DEVICES, RELATED APPARATUSES, AND METHODS

Publication number: 20160069989

Abstract: Aspects of the technology described herein relate to ultrasound device circuitry as may form part of a single substrate ultrasound device having integrated ultrasonic transducers. The ultrasound device circuitry may facilitate the generation of ultrasound waveforms in a manner that is power- and data-efficient.

Type: Application

Filed: November 13, 2015

Publication date: March 10, 2016

Applicant: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Andrew J. Casper

15.Transmissive imaging and related apparatus and methods

Patent number: 9268014

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described.

Type: Grant

Filed: February 27, 2014

Date of Patent: February 23, 2016

Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat

16.Image-guided high intensity focused ultrasound and related apparatus and methods

Patent number: 9268015

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described.

Type: Grant

Filed: February 27, 2014

Date of Patent: February 23, 2016

Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat

17.Transmissive imaging and related apparatus and methods

Patent number: 9247924

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described.

Type: Grant

Filed: February 27, 2014

Date of Patent: February 2, 2016

Assignee: Butterfly Networks, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat

18.Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) ultrasonic transducers and methods for forming the same

Patent number: 9242275

Abstract: Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) ultrasonic transducers (CUTs) and methods for forming CUTs are described. The CUTs may include monolithically integrated ultrasonic transducers and integrated circuits for operating in connection with the transducers. The CUTs may be used in ultrasound devices such as ultrasound imaging devices and/or high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) devices.

Type: Grant

Filed: March 13, 2014

Date of Patent: January 26, 2016

Assignee: Butterfly Networks, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Keith G. Fife, Gregory L. Charvat, Nevada J. Sanchez

19.MICROFABRICATED ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS

Publication number: 20160009549

Abstract: Micromachined ultrasonic transducers integrated with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) substrates are described, as well as methods of fabricating such devices. Fabrication may involve two separate wafer bonding steps. Wafer bonding may be used to fabricate sealed cavities in a substrate. Wafer bonding may also be used to bond the substrate to another substrate, such as a CMOS wafer. At least the second wafer bonding may be performed at a low temperature.

Type: Application

Filed: May 19, 2015

Publication date: January 14, 2016

Applicant: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Susan A. Alie, Keith G. Fife, Nevada J. Sanchez

20.MICROFABRICATED ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS

Publication number: 20160009544

Abstract: Micromachined ultrasonic transducers integrated with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) substrates are described, as well as methods of fabricating such devices. Fabrication may involve two separate wafer bonding steps. Wafer bonding may be used to fabricate sealed cavities in a substrate. Wafer bonding may also be used to bond the substrate to another substrate, such as a CMOS wafer. At least the second wafer bonding may be performed at a low temperature.

Type: Application

Filed: July 14, 2015

Publication date: January 14, 2016

Applicant: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Susan A. Alie, Keith G. Fife, Nevada J. Sanchez

21.Architecture of single substrate ultrasonic imaging devices, related apparatuses, and methods

Patent number: 9229097

Abstract: Aspects of the technology described herein relate to ultrasound device circuitry as may form part of a single substrate ultrasound device having integrated ultrasonic transducers. The ultrasound device circuitry may facilitate the generation of ultrasound waveforms in a manner that is power- and data-efficient.

Type: Grant

Filed: April 17, 2015

Date of Patent: January 5, 2016

Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Andrew J. Casper

22.Transmissive imaging and related apparatus and methods

Patent number: 9198637

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described.

Type: Grant

Filed: February 27, 2014

Date of Patent: December 1, 2015

Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat

23.Architecture of Single Substrate Ultrasonic Imaging Devices, Related Apparatuses, and Methods

Publication number: 20150301165

Abstract: Aspects of the technology described herein relate to ultrasound device circuitry as may form part of a single substrate ultrasound device having integrated ultrasonic transducers. The ultrasound device circuitry may facilitate the generation of ultrasound waveforms in a manner that is power- and data-efficient.

Type: Application

Filed: April 17, 2015

Publication date: October 22, 2015

Applicant: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Andrew J. Casper

24.Ultrasonic Imaging Compression Methods and Apparatus

Publication number: 20150297193

Abstract: To implement a single-chip ultrasonic imaging solution, on-chip signal processing may be employed in the receive signal path to reduce data bandwidth and an output data module may be used to move data for all received channels off-chip as a digital data stream. The digitization of received signals on-chip allows advanced digital signal processing to be performed on-chip, and thus permits the full integration of an entire ultrasonic imaging system on a single semiconductor substrate. The on-chip digitization of received signals also enables the on-chip integration of ultrasound processing and/or pre-processing to reduce the burden on off-chip computing. Data compression architectures are disclosed to facilitate the transfer of data off-chip as a digital data stream in accordance with the bandwidth requirements of standard commercially-available output interfaces.

Type: Application

Filed: April 17, 2015

Publication date: October 22, 2015

Applicant: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Andrew J. Casper

25.Transmissive imaging and related apparatus and methods

Patent number: 9155521

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described.

Type: Grant

Filed: February 27, 2014

Date of Patent: October 13, 2015

Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat

26.Image-guided high intensity focused ultrasound and related apparatus and methods

Patent number: 9149255

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described.

Type: Grant

Filed: February 27, 2014

Date of Patent: October 6, 2015

Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat

27.COMPLEMENTARY METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR (CMOS) ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS AND METHODS FOR FORMING THE SAME

Publication number: 20150251896

Abstract: Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) ultrasonic transducers (CUTs) and methods for forming CUTs are described. The CUTs may include monolithically integrated ultrasonic transducers and integrated circuits for operating in connection with the transducers. The CUTs may be used in ultrasound devices such as ultrasound imaging devices and/or high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) devices.

Type: Application

Filed: May 13, 2015

Publication date: September 10, 2015

Applicant: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Keith G. Fife, Gregory L. Charvat, Nevada J. Sanchez

28.TRANSMISSIVE IMAGING AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS

Publication number: 20150247921

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described.

Type: Application

Filed: May 13, 2015

Publication date: September 3, 2015

Applicant: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat

29.Microfabricated ultrasonic transducers and related apparatus and methods

Patent number: 9067779

Abstract: Micromachined ultrasonic transducers integrated with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) substrates are described, as well as methods of fabricating such devices. Fabrication may involve two separate wafer bonding steps. Wafer bonding may be used to fabricate sealed cavities in a substrate. Wafer bonding may also be used to bond the substrate to another substrate, such as a CMOS wafer. At least the second wafer bonding may be performed at a low temperature.

Type: Grant

Filed: March 2, 2015

Date of Patent: June 30, 2015

Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Susan A. Alie, Keith G. Fife, Nevada J. Sanchez

30.Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) ultrasonic transducers and methods for forming the same

Patent number: 9061318

Abstract: Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) ultrasonic transducers (CUTs) and methods for forming CUTs are described. The CUTs may include monolithically integrated ultrasonic transducers and integrated circuits for operating in connection with the transducers. The CUTs may be used in ultrasound devices such as ultrasound imaging devices and/or high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) devices.

Type: Grant

Filed: December 5, 2014

Date of Patent: June 23, 2015

Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Keith G. Fife, Gregory L. Charvat, Nevada J. Sanchez

31.Transmissive imaging and related apparatus and methods

Patent number: 9033884

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described.

Type: Grant

Filed: February 27, 2014

Date of Patent: May 19, 2015

Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat

32.Transmissive imaging and related apparatus and methods

Patent number: 9028412

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described.

Type: Grant

Filed: February 27, 2014

Date of Patent: May 12, 2015

Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat

33.Transmissive imaging and related apparatus and methods

Patent number: 9022936

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described.

Type: Grant

Filed: February 27, 2014

Date of Patent: May 5, 2015

Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat

34.MONOLITHIC ULTRASONIC IMAGING DEVICES, SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Publication number: 20150087977

Abstract: To implement a single-chip ultrasonic imaging solution, on-chip signal processing may be employed in the receive signal path to reduce data bandwidth and a high-speed serial data module may be used to move data for all received channels off-chip as digital data stream. The digitization of received signals on-chip allows advanced digital signal processing to be performed on-chip, and thus permits the full integration of an entire ultrasonic imaging system on a single semiconductor substrate. Various novel waveform generation techniques, transducer configuration and biasing methodologies, etc., are likewise disclosed. HIFU methods may additionally or alternatively be employed as a component of the “ultrasound-on-a-chip” solution disclosed herein.

Type: Application

Filed: December 5, 2014

Publication date: March 26, 2015

Applicant: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Keith G. Fife, Gregory L. Charvat, Nevada J. Sanchez

35.COMPLEMENTARY METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR (CMOS) ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS AND METHODS FOR FORMING THE SAME

Publication number: 20150084053

Abstract: Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) ultrasonic transducers (CUTs) and methods for forming CUTs are described. The CUTs may include monolithically integrated ultrasonic transducers and integrated circuits for operating in connection with the transducers. The CUTs may be used in ultrasound devices such as ultrasound imaging devices and/or high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) devices.

Type: Application

Filed: December 5, 2014

Publication date: March 26, 2015

Applicant: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Keith G. Fife, Gregory L. Charvat, Nevada J. Sanchez

36.INTERCONNECTABLE ULTRASOUND TRANSDUCER PROBES AND RELATED METHODS AND APPARATUS

Publication number: 20150080724

Abstract: Ultrasound devices and methods are described, including a repeatable ultrasound transducer probe having ultrasonic transducers and corresponding circuitry. The repeatable ultrasound transducer probe may be used individually or coupled with other instances of the repeatable ultrasound transducer probe to create a desired ultrasound device. The ultrasound devices may optionally be connected to various types of external devices to provide additional processing and image rendering functionality.

Type: Application

Filed: December 5, 2014

Publication date: March 19, 2015

Applicant: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Keith G. Fife, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat, Gregory Corteville

37.INTERCONNECTABLE ULTRASOUND TRANSDUCER PROBES AND RELATED METHODS AND APPARATUS

Publication number: 20150032002

Abstract: Ultrasound devices and methods are described, including a repeatable ultrasound transducer probe having ultrasonic transducers and corresponding circuitry. The repeatable ultrasound transducer probe may be used individually or coupled with other instances of the repeatable ultrasound transducer probe to create a desired ultrasound device. The ultrasound devices may optionally be connected to various types of external devices to provide additional processing and image rendering functionality.

Type: Application

Filed: July 22, 2014

Publication date: January 29, 2015

Applicant: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Keith G. Fife, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat, Gregory Corteville

38.Transmissive imaging and related apparatus and methods

Patent number: 8852103

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described.

Type: Grant

Filed: October 17, 2012

Date of Patent: October 7, 2014

Assignee: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat

39.MONOLITHIC ULTRASONIC IMAGING DEVICES, SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Publication number: 20140288428

Abstract: To implement a single-chip ultrasonic imaging solution, on-chip signal processing may be employed in the receive signal path to reduce data bandwidth and a high-speed serial data module may be used to move data for all received channels off-chip as digital data stream. The digitization of received signals on-chip allows advanced digital signal processing to be performed on-chip, and thus permits the full integration of an entire ultrasonic imaging system on a single semiconductor substrate. Various novel waveform generation techniques, transducer configuration and biasing methodologies, etc., are likewise disclosed. HIFU methods may additionally or alternatively be employed as a component of the “ultrasound-on-a-chip” solution disclosed herein.

Type: Application

Filed: March 13, 2014

Publication date: September 25, 2014

Applicant: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Keith G. Fife, Gregory L. Charvat, Nevada J. Sanchez

40.COMPLEMENTARY METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR (CMOS) ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS AND METHODS FOR FORMING THE SAME

Publication number: 20140264660

Abstract: Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) ultrasonic transducers (CUTs) and methods for forming CUTs are described. The CUTs may include monolithically integrated ultrasonic transducers and integrated circuits for operating in connection with the transducers. The CUTs may be used in ultrasound devices such as ultrasound imaging devices and/or high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) devices.

Type: Application

Filed: March 13, 2014

Publication date: September 18, 2014

Applicant: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Keith G. Fife, Gregory L. Charvat, Nevada J. Sanchez

41.TRANSMISSIVE IMAGING AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS

Publication number: 20140243614

Abstract: Ultrasound imaging devices and heads up displays, as well and systems utilizing both are described. In some embodiments, ultrasound data or images may be displayed on a heads up display, which may be a head-mounted display. One or more users may manipulate the images. Image capture devices and sensors may also be implemented.

Type: Application

Filed: February 26, 2014

Publication date: August 28, 2014

Applicant: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Gregory L. Charvat, Nevada J. Sanchez, Alexander Magary

42.CMOS ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS

Publication number: 20140219062

Abstract: CMOS Ultrasonic Transducers and processes for making such devices are described. The processes may include forming cavities on a first wafer and bonding the first wafer to a second wafer. The second wafer may be processed to form a membrane for the cavities. Electrical access to the cavities may be provided.

Type: Application

Filed: February 4, 2014

Publication date: August 7, 2014

Applicant: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Keith G. Fife, Gregory L. Charvat, Nevada J. Sanchez

43.CMOS ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS

Publication number: 20140217478

Abstract: CMOS Ultrasonic Transducers and processes for making such devices are described. The processes may include forming cavities on a first wafer and bonding the first wafer to a second wafer. The second wafer may be processed to form a membrane for the cavities. Electrical access to the cavities may be provided.

Type: Application

Filed: February 4, 2014

Publication date: August 7, 2014

Applicant: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Kieth G. Fife, Gregory L. Charvat, Nevada J. Sanchez

44.ULTRASOUND IMAGING AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS

Publication number: 20140180096

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described.

Type: Application

Filed: February 27, 2014

Publication date: June 26, 2014

Applicant: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat

45.TRANSMISSIVE IMAGING AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS

Publication number: 20140180095

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described.

Type: Application

Filed: February 27, 2014

Publication date: June 26, 2014

Applicant: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat

46.IMAGE-GUIDED HIGH INTENSITY FOCUSED ULTRASOUND AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS

Publication number: 20140180177

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described.

Type: Application

Filed: February 27, 2014

Publication date: June 26, 2014

Applicant: BUTTERFLY NETWORK, INC.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat

47.TRANSMISSIVE IMAGING AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS

Publication number: 20140180094

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described.

Type: Application

Filed: February 27, 2014

Publication date: June 26, 2014

Applicant: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat

48.TRANSMISSIVE IMAGING AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS

Publication number: 20140180088

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described.

Type: Application

Filed: February 27, 2014

Publication date: June 26, 2014

Applicant: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat

49.TRANSMISSIVE IMAGING AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS

Publication number: 20140180093

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described.

Type: Application

Filed: February 27, 2014

Publication date: June 26, 2014

Applicant: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat

50.TRANSMISSIVE IMAGING AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS

Publication number: 20140180113

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described.

Type: Application

Filed: February 27, 2014

Publication date: June 26, 2014

Applicant: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat

51.TRANSMISSIVE IMAGING AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS

Publication number: 20140180099

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described.

Type: Application

Filed: February 27, 2014

Publication date: June 26, 2014

Applicant: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat

52.IMAGE-GUIDED HIGH INTENSITY FOCUSED ULTRASOUND AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS

Publication number: 20140180176

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described.

Type: Application

Filed: February 27, 2014

Publication date: June 26, 2014

Applicant: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat

53.VOLUMETRIC IMAGING AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS

Publication number: 20140180097

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described.

Type: Application

Filed: February 27, 2014

Publication date: June 26, 2014

Applicant: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat

54.TRANSMISSIVE IMAGING AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS

Publication number: 20140180100

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described.

Type: Application

Filed: February 27, 2014

Publication date: June 26, 2014

Applicant: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat

55.TRANSMISSIVE IMAGING AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS

Publication number: 20140180112

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described.

Type: Application

Filed: February 27, 2014

Publication date: June 26, 2014

Applicant: BUTTERFLY NETWORK, INC.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, JONATHAN M. ROTHBERG, NEVADA J. SANCHEZ, GREGORY L. CHARVAT

56.TRANSMISSIVE IMAGING AND RELATED APPARATUS AND METHODS

Publication number: 20140180092

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described that include ultrasound imaging devices, which may operate in a transmissive ultrasound imaging modality, and which may be used to detect properties of interest of a subject such as index of refraction, density and/or speed of sound. Devices suitable for performing high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), as well as HIFU and ultrasound imaging, are also described.

Type: Application

Filed: February 27, 2014

Publication date: June 26, 2014

Applicant: Butterfly Network, Inc.

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Nevada J. Sanchez, Gregory L. Charvat

57.Interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy

Patent number: 7602501

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for three-dimensional imaging of a sample. A source is provided of a beam of substantially collimated light characterized by a temporally dependent spectrum. The beam is focused in a plane characterized by a fixed displacement along the propagation axis of the beam, and scattered light from the sample is superposed with a reference beam derived from the substantially collimated source onto a focal plane detector array to provide an interference signal. A forward scattering model is derived relating measured data to structure of an object to allow solution of an inverse scattering problem based upon the interference signal so that a three-dimensional structure of the sample may be inferred in near real time.

Type: Grant

Filed: July 10, 2007

Date of Patent: October 13, 2009

Assignee: The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Daniel L. Marks, Paul Scott Carney, Stephen A. Boppart

58.Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy

Publication number: 20080140341

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for three-dimensional imaging of a sample. A source is provided of a beam of substantially collimated light characterized by a temporally dependent spectrum. The beam is focused in a plane characterized by a fixed displacement along the propagation axis of the beam, and scattered light from the sample is superposed with a reference beam derived from the substantially collimated source onto a focal plane detector array to provide an interference signal.

Type: Application

Filed: July 10, 2007

Publication date: June 12, 2008

Applicant: The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Inventors: Tyler S. Ralston, Daniel L. Marks, Paul Scott Carney, Stephen A. Boppart





BOOK CHAPTERS


Ralston TS, Marks DL, Ahmad A, Boppart SA.  Data Analysis and Signal Post-Processing for Optical Coherence Tomography.  In Optical Coherence Tomography: Technology and Applications, Drexler W, Fujimoto JG, Eds., Springer Verlag, 2008/2015.

Adie SG, Ralston TS, Marks DL, Davis BJ, Carney PS, Boppart SA.  Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy. In Biomedical Applications of Light Scattering,  Wax AP, Backman V, Eds. McGraw-Hill, in press 2009.

Adie SG, Shemonski ND, Ralston TS, Carney PS, Boppart SA.  Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy.  In Optical Coherence Tomography: Technology and Applications, Drexler W, Fujimoto JG, Eds., Springer Verlag, 2008/2015.





Ph.D.  DISSERTATION


Ralston TS.  “Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy.” Open to public, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology.  Preliminary Examination: December 19, 2005.  Final Defense: September 20, 2006.





JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS

*Citations (1346+)


  1. 1.Ralston TS, “A real-time optical coherence tomography system utilizing an acquisition and signal processing architecture implemented on a field programmable gate array,” MS Thesis in Electrical and Computer Engineering department at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, April 29, 2004.

  2. 2.Ralston TS, Marks DL, Kamalabadi F, Boppart SA. “Deconvolution methods for mitigation of transverse blurring in optical coherence tomography.” IEEE Trans. Image Proc. Special Issue on Molecular and Cellular Bioimaging, vol.14, no. 9, September 2005.  Pub_200509_ITIPSIMCB_Vo14No9.pdf

  3. 3.Luo W, Nguyen FT, Zysk AM, Ralston TS, Brockenbrough J, Marks DL, Oldenburg AL, Boppart SA, “Optical Biopsy of Lymph Node Morphology using Optical Coherence Tomography.” Technology in Cancer Research and Treatment, 4 (5), 539-547, October 2005. Pub_200510_TCRT_Vol4No5.pdf

  4. 4.Marks DL, Ralston TS, Boppart SA. “Speckle reduction by I-divergence regularization in optical coherence tomography.” Journal of the Optical Society of America A, vol. 22, no. 11, November 2005. Pub_200511_JOSAA_Vol22No11.pdf

  5. 5.Vinegoni C, Ralston TS, Tan W, Luo W, Marks DL, and Boppart SA, "Integrated structural and functional optical imaging combining spectral-domain optical coherence and multiphoton microscopy," Applied Physics Letters, 88:053901, 1-3, (2006).  Pub_200601_APL_88.pdf

  6. 6.Luo W, Marks DL, Ralston TS, Boppart SA, "Three dimensional optical coherence tomography of the embryonic murine cardiovascular system." Journal of Biomedical Optics, vol. 11, 021014, April 2006.  Pub_200604_JBO_021014.pdf

  7. 7.Xu C, Vinegoni C, Ralston TS, Luo W, Tan W, Boppart SA, “Spectroscopic spectral-domain optical coherence microscopy,” Optics Letters, vol. 31, no. 8, 1079-1081, April 2006.  Pub_200604_OL_Vol31No8.pdf

  8. 8.Ralston TS, Marks DL, Carney PS, Boppart SA. “Inverse scattering for optical coherence tomography.” Journal of the Optical Society of America A, vol. 23, no. 5, May 2006.  Pub_200605_JOSAA_Vol23No5.pdf

  9. 9.Marks DL, Ralston TS, Carney PS, Boppart SA. “Inverse scattering for rotationally scanned optical coherence tomography,” Journal of the Optical Society of America A, vol. 23, no. 10, Oct. 2006.  Pub_200610_JOSAA_Vol23no10.pdf

  10. 10.Ralston TS, Marks DL, Carney PS, Boppart SA. “Inverse scattering for high-resolution interferometric microscopy,” Optics Letters, vol. 31, no. 24, December 2006.  Pub_200612_OL_Vol31No24.pdf

  11. 11.Marks DL, Ralston TS, Carney PS, Boppart SA.  “Inverse scattering for frequency-scanned full-field optical coherence tomography,” Journal of the Optical Society of America A, vol. 24, no. 4, April 2007.  Pub_200704_JOSAA_Vol24No4.pdf

  12. 12.Ralston TS, Marks DL, Carney PS, Boppart SA. “Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy,” Nature Physics, vol. 3, pp.129-134, February, 2007.  Pub_200702_NP_Vol3.pdf

  13. 13.Ralston TS, Marks DL, Carney PS, Boppart SA. “Interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy: Inverse scattering for optical coherence tomography,” Optics and Photonics News, Optics in 2006, December 2006.  Pub_200612_OPN_Pg25.pdf

  14. 14.Davis BJ, Schlachter SC, Marks DL, Ralston TS, Boppart SA, Carney PS.  “Non-paraxial vector-field modeling of optical coherence tomography and interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy,”  Journal of the Optical Society of America A, vol. 24, no. 9, September 2007.  Pub_200709_JOSAA_Vol24No9.pdf

  15. 15.Davis BJ, Ralston TS, Marks DL, Boppart SA, Carney PS. “Autocorrelation artifacts in optical coherence tomography and interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy,” Optics Letters, vol. 32, no. 11, June 2007. (selected for the June 15, 2007 issue of Virtual Journal of Biological Physics Research)  Pub_200706_OL_Vol32No11.pdf

  16. 16.Ralston TS, Marks DL, Carney PS, Boppart SA.  “Real-time interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy.”  Optics Express, vol. 16, no. 4, February 2008.  Pub_200802_OE_Vol16No4.pdf

  17. 17.Chelliyil RG, Ralston TS, Marks DL, Boppart SA.  “High-Speed Processing Architecture for Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Microscopy.” Journal of Biomedical Optics 13(4), 1 (July/August 2008).  Pub_200808_JBO_Vol13No4.pdf

  18. 18.Ralston TS, Anderson H, Cho P, “3D Fusion of Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar and Electro-optical satellite imagery.”  MIT Lincoln Laboratory Project Report, May 2008.  (Classified)

  19. 19.Davis BJ, Marks DL, Ralston TS, Carney PS, Boppart SA, “Interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy: computed imaging for scanned coherent microscopy,” (Invited Review), Sensors, Vol. 8, 2008, pp. 3903-3931.  Pub_200806_Sensors_Vol8No6.pdf

  20. 20. Ralston TS, Adie SG, Marks DL, Davis BJ, Carney PS, Boppart SA, “Real-time interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy for clinical applications.”  Optics and Photonics News, Optics in 2008 (Invited), December 2008.  Pub_200812_OPN.pdf

  21. 21.Oldenburg AL, Hansen MN, Ralston TS, Wei A, Boppart SA. “Imaging gold nanorods in excised human breast carcinoma by spectroscopic optical coherence tomography,” J. Mater. Chem., 2009, DOI: 10.1039/b823389f.  Pub_200904_JMC.pdf

  22. 22.Crecea V, Oldenburg AL, Liang X, Ralston TS, Boppart SA. “Magnetomotive nanoparticle transducers for optical rheology of viscoelastic materials.” Optics Express, 17:23114-23122, 2009.  Pub_200912_OE_Vol17No25.pdf

  23. 23.Graf B, Ralston TS, Ko HJ, Boppart SA.  “Detecting action potentials in single neurons based on intrinsic scattering changes in optical coherence imaging,” Optics Express, Vol. 17, Issue 16, pp. 13447-13457.  Pub_200907_OE_Vol17No16.pdf

  24. 24.Ralston TS, Hoen EW, “3D Fusion Model Generation: Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar, Computer Vision, Radar/EO composites.”  MIT Lincoln Laboratory Project Report, May 2009.  (Classified)

  25. 25.Ralston TS, Hoen EW, ”3D Fusion of Radar and Optical Imagery of a Challenging Satellite,” Military Sensing Symposium National Symposium on Sensor & Data Fusion, August 2009. (Classified)

  26. 26.Ralston TS, Adie SG, Marks DL, Boppart SA, Carney PS. “Cross-validation of interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy and optical coherence tomography,” Optics Letters, Vol. 35, No. 10, May 2010.  Pub_201005_OL_Vol35No10.pdf

  27. 27.Ralston TS, Charvat GL, Adie SG, Davis BJ, Carney PS, Boppart SA. Interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy: Microscopic laser radar. Feature of Optics and Photonics News (Invited), Optical Society of America, June 2010.  Pub_201006_OPN.pdf

  28. 28.Morrison RL, Ralston TS, Hoen EW, “Interferometric ISAR Processing Technique for Determining the 3D Structure and Motion of Space-Borne Objects,” Military Sensing Symposium Tri-Service Radar, June 2010. (Closed)

  29. 29.Charvat GL, Ralston TS, Peabody JE, “A ThroughWall Real-Time MIMO Radar Sensor for use at Stand-off Ranges.” Military Sensing Symposium Tri-Service Radar, June 2010. (Closed)

  30. 30. Ralston TS, Morrison RL, Hoen EW, Pugh ML. “Identification and 3D Localization of Changes in Model-based ISAR/EO Fusion,” Military Sensing Symposium, National Symposium on Sensor & Data Fusion, July 2010. (Classified)

  31. 31.Ralston TS, Charvat GL, Peabody JE. “Real-time Through-wall Imaging Using an Ultrawideband Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) Phased Array,” IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems & Technology, October 2010.  ProPub_201010_IEEE.pdf





PROCEEDING PUBLICATIONS



  1. 32.Ralston TS, Mayen JA, Marks DL, Boppart SA, “Real-time digital design for an optical coherence tomography acquisition and processing system,” Proceedings of Society for Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineering (SPIE) 5324, 159 (2004) at Photonics West BIOS, San Jose, CA, January 23 – 29, 2004.  ProPub_200401_SPIE.pdf

  2. 33.Ralston TS, Kamalabadi F, Marks DL, Boppart SA. “Gaussian beam deconvolution in optical coherence tomography.” Oral presentation and paper, SPIE (The International Society for Optical Engineering) Photonics West: Biomedical Optics, San Jose, January 22-27, 2005.  ProPub_200501_SPIE.pdf

  3. 34.Ralston TS, Marks DL, Carney PS, Boppart SA. “Demonstration of inverse scattering for optical coherence tomography.” Society for Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineering (SPIE), Photonics West BIOS, San Jose, CA, January 21 – 26, 2006.  ProPub_200601_SPIE_1.pdf

  4. 35.Vinegoni C, Ralston TS, Tan W, Luo W, Marks DL, Boppart SA, “Multi-modality imaging of structure and function combining spectral-domain optical coherence and multiphoton microscopy.”  Society for Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineering (SPIE), Photonics West BIOS, San Jose, CA, January 21-26, 2006.  ProPub_200601_SPIE_2.pdf

  5. 36.Marks DL, Ralston TS, Carney PS, Boppart SA. “An inverse scattering method for catheter-based optical coherence tomography” Optical Society of America Biomedical Optics Topical Meeting, Fort Lauderdale, FL, March 19-23, 2006.  ProPub_200603_OSABO_1.pdf

  6. 37.Nguyen FT, Luo W, Zysk AM, Ralston TS, Marks DL, Oldenburg AL, Brockenbrough J, Boppart SA. “Three-Dimensional Visualization of Lymph Node Morphology using OCT.” Optical Society of America Biomedical Optics Topical Meeting, Fort Lauderdale, FL, March 19-23, 2006.  ProPub_200603_OSABO_2.pdf

  7. 38.Boppart SA, Vinegoni C, Tan W, Luo W, Ralston TS, Marks DL. (invited) “Advances in optical imaging of dynamic three-dimensional engineered tissues” OSA Biomedical Optics Topical Meeting, Fort Lauderdale, FL, March 19-23, 2006.  ProPub_200603_OSABO_3.pdf

  8. 39.Ralston TS, Marks DL, Carney PS, Boppart SA. “Phase stability technique for inverse scattering in optical coherence tomography.” IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging, Arlington, VA, April 6-9, 2006.  ProPub_200604_IEEE_IS.pdf

  9. 40.Ralston TS, Atkinson I, Kamalabadi F, Boppart SA. “Multi-dimensional denoising of real-time optical coherence tomography imaging data.”  IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, May 15-19, 2006.  ProPub_200605_IEEE_IS.pdf

  10. 41.Ralston TS, Marks DL, Carney PS, Boppart SA. “Real-time inverse scattering for optical coherence tomography.” Society for Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineering (SPIE), Photonics West BIOS, San Jose, CA, January 20-25, 2007.  ProPub_200701_SPIE_1.pdf

  11. 42.Crecea V, Oldenburg AL, Ralston TS, Boppart SA. “Phase-resolved spectral-domain magnetomotive optical coherence tomography.” Society for Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineering (SPIE), Photonics West BIOS, San Jose, CA, January 20-25, 2007.  ProPub_200701_SPIE_2.pdf

  12. 43.Marks DL, Ralston TS, Carney PS, Boppart SA. “High numerical aperture full-field optical coherence tomography without scanning the focus.” Society for Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineering (SPIE), Photonics West BIOS, San Jose, CA, January 20-25, 2007.  ProPub_200701_SPIE_3.pdf

  13. 44.Davis BJ, Ralston TS, Marks DL, Boppart SA, and Carney PS.  “Polarimetric Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy: Vectorial Computed Imaging from Optical Coherence Tomography Data.” OSA Computational Optical Sensing and Imaging. Topical Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada, June 18-20, 2007. ProPub_200706_OSA_1.pdf

  14. 45.Carney PS, Davis BJ, Ralston TS, Marks DL, and Boppart SA. (invited) “Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy.” OSA Computational Optical Sensing and Imaging Topical Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada, June 18-20, 2007.  ProPub_200706_OSA_2.pdf

  15. 46.Davis BJ, Ralston TS, Marks DL, Boppart SA, and Carney PS. “Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy: Physics-based image reconstruction from optical coherence tomography data.” IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, San Antonio, TX, September 16-19, 2007.  ProPub_200709_IEEE.pdf

  16. 47.Ralston TS, Marks DL, Carney PS, Boppart SA.  “Verification of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy with Optical Coherence Tomography.” Society for Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineering (SPIE), Optics and Photonics, San Diego, CA. August 26-30, 2007.  ProPub_200709_SPIE.pdf

  17. 48.Marks DL, Ralston TS, Davis BJ, Carney PS, Boppart SA. (invited) “Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy: tissue structure inferred by computed imaging techniques.” Society for Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineering (SPIE), Photonics West, San Jose, CA. January 19-24, 2008.  ProPub_200801_SPIE.pdf

  18. 49.Adie S, Marks DL, Nguyen FT, Ralston TS, Chaney EJ, Kotynek JG, Brokenbrough J, Oliphant UJ, Bellafiore FJ, Rowland KM, Johnson PA, Boppart SA. “Interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy with a portable intraoperative optical coherence tomography system.”  Society for Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineering (SPIE), Photonics West, San Jose, CA. January 24-29, 2009.

  19. 50.Ralston TS, Chu KT. “Enhancing the Space Fence Performance Evaluation System (PES): GPGPU Computing in a Complex, Multithreaded Software System.” High Performance Embedded Computing Conference, September 2010.





PRESENTATIONS



  1. 51.Mayen J, Ralston TS, Marks DL, Boppart SA. “Helical Scanning Algorithms for Optical Coherence Tomography,” Biomedical Engineering Society (BMES), Nashville, TN, October 4, 2003.

  2. 52.Lee TM, Ralston TS, Marks DL, Boppart SA. “Real-time wavelet denoising during in vivo imaging using a digital OCT acquisition and processing system,” Chicago Universities Bioengineering Industry Consortium (CUBIC), Chicago, IL, January 29 - 30, 2004.

  3. 53.Xu C, Oldenburg AL, Marks DL, Ralston TS, Boppart SA. “Micrometer-resolution 3-D imaging of near-infrared molecular probes using spectroscopic optical coherence tomography.” Poster presentation, Frontiers of Biomedical Imaging Symposium, Urbana, IL, November 8-10, 2004.

  4. 54.Luo W, Ralston TS, Marks DL, Boppart SA. “Three-dimensional optical coherence tomography of the murine embryo.” Poster presentation, Experimental Biology, American Association of Anatomists, San Diego, CA, April 2-6, 2005.

  5. 55.Ralston TS, Marks DL, Carney PS, Boppart SA. “Inverse scattering for optical coherence tomography.” Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, Tucson, AZ, October 16-20, 2005.

  6. 56.Marks DL, Ralston TS, Boppart SA. “Speckle reduction using Csiszar's I-divergence measure for optical coherence tomography.” Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, Tucson, AZ, October 16-20, 2005.

  7. 57.Ralston TS, Marks DL, Carney PS, Boppart SA. “Spatially-invariant Resolution in Coherence Microscopy for In Situ Real-time Imaging.” American Physician Scientists Association Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL, March 28-30, 2006.

  8. 58.Ralston TS. “Optimal k-space Reconstructions For Ranged Focused Beams.” Electrical and Computer Engineering Imaging Workshop, Allerton, IL, May 4, 2006.

  9. 59.Ralston TS, Marks DL, Carney PS, Boppart SA.  “Innovation Leadership at Illinois: Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy.”  Innovation Leadership Advisory Board, Urbana, IL, September 28, 2006.

  10. 60.Chelliyil RG, Ralston TS, Marks DL, Boppart SA. “A Novel Image Acquisition and Processing Architecture for a Real-Time Integrated Microscope.”  Biomedical Engineering Society, Chicago, IL, October 2006.

  11. 61.Ralston TS, Marks DL, Carney PS, Boppart SA. “Non-Paraxial Solution to Inverse Scattering in Optical Coherence Tomography.” Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, Rochester, NY, October 8-12, 2006.

  12. 62.Chelliyil RG, Ralston TS, Marks DL, Boppart SA. “A Multi-Modal Real-Time Microscope for Functional Imaging of Cell Dynamics.”  Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Urbana, IL, October 19 2006.

  13. 63.Crecea V, Oldenburg AL, Liang X, Ralston TS, Orescanin MB, Insana MF, Boppart SA. “Magnetomotive optical coherence elastography for measuring biomechanical properties of tissue phantoms using magnetic nanoparticles,” APS (American Physical Society) 2008 March Meeting, New Orleans, LA, March 13, 2008.

  14. 64.Crecea V, Oldenburg AL, Ralston TS, Boppart SA.  “Magnetomotive nanoparticles for contrast enhancement
    in optical coherence tomography.” 2nd Annual Nanotechnology and the Life Sciences Symposium, St. Louis, Missouri, March 30-31 2007.

  15. 65.Ralston TS, Anderson H, Cho P, Pugh ML, “3D Fusion of Electro-Optical and Radar Imagery,” Space Control Conference at MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA, May 2008. (Classified)

  16. 66.Ralston TS, Anderson H, Cho P, Pugh ML, “Novel methods for Fusion of Electro-Optical and Radar Imagery onto 3D Models,” Informal Seminar Series for Groups 91, 92, 93, and 95, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, June 2008.  (Classified)

  17. 67.Ralston TS, Cho P, Hoen EW, Anderson H, Pugh M. “3D Model-based Fusion of ISAR and EO Satellite Imagery.” Advanced Maui Optical and Space Surveillance Technologies Conference (AMOS), Kihei, HI. September 2008. (Classified)

  18. 68.Ralston TS, Hoen EW. “3D Fusion for Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR), electro-optical (EO), and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR) Imagery” Division Seminar, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, November 4, 2008.  (Classified)

  19. 69.Ralston TS, Hoen EW. “3D Fusion of Interferometric Radar and Electro-Optical Imagery,” MIT Lincoln Laboratory Space Control Conference May 2009. (Classified)

  20. 70.Ralston TS, Morrison RL, Hoen EW, Pugh ML, Bass CD. “Synergistic 3D Fusion of Radar and Optical Imagery for Satellite Characterization.”  Advanced Maui Optical and Space Surveillance Technologies Conference (AMOS), Kihei, HI.  September 2009. (Classified)

  21. 71.Ralston TS, Pugh ML. “3D Multi-Sensor Fusion for Space Situational Awareness,” Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Workshop, Arlington VA, May 2010.

  22. 72.Ralston TS, “Change detection and localization using 3D model-based sensor fusion.” Space Control Conference 2010 at MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA, Closed Side Meeting, May 2010.

  23. 73.Morrison RL, Ralston TS, Hoen EW.  “Interferometric ISAR Processing Technique for Determining the 3D Structure and Motion of Space-Borne Objects,” Space Control Conference, Lexington, MA, May 2010.

  24. 74.Pugh ML, Ralston TS , Morrison RL, Hoen EW. “Toward Automated Multi-Sensor Satellite Image Change Detection for Space Situational Awareness.” Advanced Maui Optical and Space Surveillance Technologies Conference (AMOS), Kihei, HI, September 2010.





INVITED SEMINARS



Ralston TS. “Inverse scattering in optical coherence tomography” Photons After Dark - seminar series for optical engineering students.  October 6, 2005.

Ralston TS. “Gaussian beam deconvolution in optical coherence tomography.” Beckman Institute’s Nanoelectronics and Biophontonics Seminar Series.  October 10, 2005.

Ralston TS. “Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy – a digital signal processing perspective” Electrical and Computer Engineering Department’s Digital Signal Processing Seminar Series - ECE 590P.  February 15, 2006.

Ralston TS.  “Phase Corrections for Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy” Optical Society of America Student Chapter Meeting.  March 30, 2006.

Ralston TS. “3-D Microscopy Beyond OCT: Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy (ISAM)” Optoelectronics Research Centre in the Electronic and Electrical Engineering Department at University College Dublin in Ireland, May 11, 2006.

Ralston TS. “Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy (ISAM): 3-D Microscopy Beyond OCT” Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Aug 4, 2006.

Ralston TS, Kershner RJ. “Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy (ISAM) & Laser Tweezers Manipulation of Nanoscale Particles in Photonic Crystals” Nanohour Seminar Series at the Beckman Institute, Oct. 4, 2006.

Ralston TS. “A new technique of OCT for ophthalmic imaging: Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy” Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, Nov. 16, 2006.

Ralston TS. “Signal maximization in OCT by scattering analysis: Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy” Applied Physics Laboratory at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, Nov. 20, 2006.

Ralston TS. “Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy: inverse scattering for optical coherence tomography” Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Spectroscopy Laboratory, Boston, MA, Nov. 27, 2006.

Ralston TS. “Synthetic aperture techniques for optical imaging: Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy” MIT Lincoln Laboratories, Lexington, MA, Nov. 28, 2006.

Ralston TS. “Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy: Inverse Scattering for Optical Coherence Tomography” University of Dayton Research Colloquium Series, Dayton, OH, Dec. 1, 2006.

Ralston TS. “Real-time Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy: Real-time inverse scattering for optical coherence tomography” Standford University, Palo Alto, CA, Jan. 26, 2007.

Ralston TS.  “Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy: Resolving out-of-focus data in conventional coherence microscopy via the inverse scattering solution.” Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, Jan. 30, 2008.

Ralston TS.  “Re-Solving Microscopy: Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy for real-time in vivo biomedical imaging.”  Yale University, New Haven, CT, April 18, 2008.

Ralston TS.  “Inverse Scattering for Coherent Optical and Radar Imaging Systems.” IEEE Antennas Propagation Society, New England Chapter, Lexington, MA, May 2010.

Ralston TS, Pugh ML. “3D Multi-Sensor Fusion for Space Situational Awareness,” Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Workshop, Arlington VA, May 2010.

Ralston TS. “Synthetic aperture imaging for optical, radar, and gamma ray detectors”  IEEE Photonics Imaging Workshop, Boston Chapter, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Boston, MA, April 13, 2011.

Ralston TS, “Microscopy, ultrasound, and inverse scattering for real-time imaging”  MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, MA, February 18, 2016.





PRESS



Scientific American.  “Sidestepping Microscopy’s Limits: Out-of-Focus Images Made Clear, Cross-eyed microscopy technique may diagnose tumors without biopsy.” JR Minkel, January 21, 2007.

Science News.  “Making a 3-D Microscope: Technique brings entire sample into focus.”  PL Barry, January 27, 2007.

Daily Illini.  “Research uses 3-D images to see cells.”  Kristen Sackley, January 30, 2007.

Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology News.  “Out-of-Focus Images Made Clear.” Webmaster, January 22, 2007.

Electrical and Computer Engineering Department News.  “ECE Faculty/Staff Article to be Featured in ‘Nature Physics.’” JD McNattin, January 21, 2007.

Medical Devices News, News Bureau of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute’s Research Spotlight, Inside Illinois, Resonance.  “Novel Computed Imaging Technique Uses Blurry Images to Enhance View.”  JE Kloeppel, 2007.

MIT Lincoln Laboratory News“Real-Time Through-Wall Imaging with Ultrawideband Radar System” June 2011. (Picked up by numerous other news outlets)

MIT Technology Review – “With $100 Million, Entrepreneur Sees Path to Disrupt Medical Imaging

Will ultrasound-on-a-chip make medical imaging so cheap that anyone can do it?” November 2014.

Wired “The Startup That’s Bringing AI to Ultrasounds and MRIs” November 2014

Forbes – “Rothberg Returns With Star Trek-Like Medical Device To Create Images And Cut With Sound Waves” November 2014.

Forbes30 under 30 - Butterfly Network co-founder named science best.  January 2015.

Fox News – Butterfly Network advances medical technology, February 2015.

Tech Republic – Butterfly Network named in top 12 companies leading the way in digital health.