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Gary T. Marx
Professor Emeritus of Sociology, M.I.T.



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Watch Doing Bad By Doing Good on PBS. See more from Interview with Gary T. Marx.


Los Angeles City Hall
May 1950

Mayor Fletcher Bowron, Gary T. Marx, Officer Phil Bailey, Craig Fletcher.


Books
Undercover: Police Surveillance in America

Excerpts From 36 Reviews

This book is available from the University of California Press, 609-883-1759; $12.95 (royalties from this book go to support the Century Fund Foundation's research program)

Buy Undercover: Police Surveillance in America online

Undercover: Police Surveillance in Comparative Perspective
(With C. Fijnaut 1995, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA.)

Review

 

Buy Undercover: Police Surveillance in Comparative Perspective online

Protest and Prejudice: A Study of Belief in the Black Community

Excerpts from 9 Reviews

This was originally published by Harper and Row in 1967, and as a  Harper Torchbook in 1969 with a postscript summarizing results of 15 later studies and a comment on the relationship between social movements and mass opinion.  Bayard Rustin, the major strategist of the civil rights movement, wrote the foreword. The book is currently available from Greenwood Press.

Buy Protest and Prejudice online


Online Articles
Articles are grouped under the following headings:

1. Recently Posted Work

2. The New Surveillance
     a. "Windows into the Soul:" A conference
     b. Surveillance, privacy, anonymity, identity, borders, secrecy
     c. Telecommunications and the internet
     d. Work monitoring
     e. Children

3. Essays and Commentary on Technology, Surveillance and Gender

4. Social Control and Police
     a. Technologies of social control
     b. Covert policing
     c. Overt policing
     d. Social control and social movements

5. Collective Behavior and Social Movements

6. Academic Career and Some Social Research Issues

7. Les articles en français

Select an article category or subcategory from the list above or the drop-down menu below. You may also simply scroll down on this page to browse all categories.

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1. Recently Posted Work
"Your Papers Please": Personal and Professional Encounters With Surveillance

In D. Lyon, K. Ball and K. Haggerty (eds.) International Handbook of Surveillance Studies. Routledge (forthcoming).

Foreword: Privacy Is Not Quite Like the Weather

In D. Wright and P. de Hert, Privacy Impact Assessment. Springer, forthcoming.

Agents Provocateurs as a Type of Faux Activist

In Snow, D. Della Porta, D., Klandermans, B. and McAdam, D. (eds.) Encyclopedia of Social and Political Movements. Blackwell, forthcoming.

In Gratitude: The Right Chemistry, Timing, Place and Organization

Remarks prepared for the occasion of accepting the Lifetime Achievement Award from The Society for the Study of Social Problems, Las Vegas, Nevada 2011

Foreword

...to the 50th Anniversary edition of Neil J. Smelser's Theory of Collective Behavior.

See also Neil J. Smelser's own preface to this edition.

In Neil J. Smelser, Theory of Collective Behavior. Quid Pro Books, 2011.

Review: One Nation Under Surveillance: A New Social Contract to Defend Freedom Without Sacrificing Liberty
By Simon Chesterman

In The Times Higher Education (UK), 14 April 2011

Review: Eavesdropping: An Intimate History
By John L. Locke

In Surveillance and Society, forthcoming

Review: Islands of Privacy
By Christina E. Nippert-Eng

In The Times Higher Education (UK), 18 November 2010

Review: Snitching Criminal Informants and the Erosion of American Justice
By Alexandra Natapoff

A revised version of this article is forthcoming in Theoretical Criminology

Turtles, Firewalls, Scarlet Letters and Vacuum Cleaners: Rules about Personal Information

In W. Aspray and P. Doty (eds.) Making Privacy; forthcoming, Scarecrow Press.

From the Beginning: Children as Subjects and Agents of Surveillance

With Valerie Steeves. In Surveillance and Society, 2010. Vol. 7, No. 3-4, pp. 192-230.

A Tack in the Shoe and Taking Off the Shoe: Neutralization and Counter-Neutralization Dynamics

In Surveillance and Society 2009. Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 295-306.

Foreword: Technocrime—Something’s Happening Here and We Are There

Foreword to Stéphane Leman-Langlois (ed.) Technocrime, Wilan, 2008

Simmel on Secrecy. A Legacy and Inheritance for the Sociology of Information

With Glenn W. Muschert, forthcoming 2008. In The Possibility of Sociology. Christian Papiloud and Cécile Rol (eds). Wiesbaden, Germany: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
Full citation in article

Personal Information, Borders, and the New Surveillance Studies

With Glenn Muschert. A shorter version appeared in The Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 2007 Vol. 3.

SWAMI, How I Love Ya

Foreword to D. Wright, S. Gutwirth, M. Friedewald, E. Vildjiounaite and Y. Punie, Safeguards in a World of Ambient Intelligence. Springer, 2008.

Surveys and Surveillance

In F. Conrad and M. Schrober, (eds.) Envisioning the Survey Interview of the Future. John Wiley & Sons, 2008.

Desperately Seeking Surveillance Studies: Players in Search of a Field

This is a longer version of an article for a symposium on surveillance studies in Contemporary Sociology, March 2007. 35:2.

Travels With Marty: Seymour Martin Lipset as a Mentor

American Sociologist, vol. 37, no. 4. Winter 2006, pp. 76-83.

Rocky Bottoms and Some Information Age Techno-Fallacies

A different and shorter version appeared in the Journal of International Political Sociology, vol. 1, no. 1. March 2007, pp. 83-110.

Forget Big Brother and Big Corporation: What about the Personal Uses of Surveillance Technology as Seen in Cases Such as Tom I. Voire?

Rutgers Journal of Law and Urban Policy, vol. 3, no. 4, 2006

Soft Surveillance: The Growth of Mandatory Volunteerism in Collecting Personal Information

Expanded version of an article in Dissent, Winter 2005. In T. Monahan, (ed.) Surveillance and Security. Wilan, 2006.

Soul Train: The New Surveillance and Popular Music

In I. Kerr, V. Steeves, and C. Lucock, Lessons From the Identity Trail. Oxford, 2008.

Some Conceptual Issues in the Study of Borders and Surveillance

In E. Zureik and M. Salter, Who and What Goes There? Global Policing and Surveillance, 2005

Seeing Hazily, But Not Darkly, Through the Lens: Some Recent Empirical Studies of Surveillance Technologies

Law and Social Inquiry, vol. 30, no. 2, Spring 2005

Varieties of Personal Information as Influences on Attitudes Toward Surveillance

In K. Haggerty and R. Ericson, The New Politics of Surveillance and Visibility. University of Toronto Press, 2006

Surveillance and Society

Article written for The Encyclopedia of Social Theory, 2005


2. The New Surveillance
a) "Windows into the Soul:" A conference
Many of the new surveillance topics in this section were treated at a conference entitled "Windows into the Soul: Surveillance and Society in an Age of High Technology," held as part of the Hixon-Riggs Forum on Science, Technology and Society. The conference took place at Harvey Mudd College, in Claremont, CA, on March 27-29, 2008. The conference program and participant biographies can be found at http://www.hmc.edu/newsandevents/hixon08.html. For an introduction to the conference and abstracts, go to http://web.mit.edu/gtmarx/www/witsabstracts.html.
The thirty participants are centrally involved in helping to define the emerging field of surveillance studies, described by Peter Monaghan in "Watching the Watchers."

The Chronicle of Higher Education, March 17, 2006.

A number of the conferees served on, or advised, the Committee on Privacy in the Information Age for the National Academy of Sciences and contributed to writing its report, Engaging Privacy and Information Technology in a Digital Age.

The National Academies Press, 2007.

Conferees have also contributed to a March 2007 symposium on the New Surveillance, "Taking A Look at Surveillance and Society."

Contemporary Sociology 36:2, 2007.


b) Surveillance, privacy, anonymity, identity, borders, secrecy
What’s New About the "New Surveillance?" Classifying for Change and Continuity

In Surveillance & Society 1(1): 9-29, 2002

A Tack in the Shoe: Neutralizing and Resisting the New Surveillance

In The Journal of Social Issues, forthcoming May 2003, vol. 59 (2)

Murky Conceptual Waters: The Public and the Private

In Ethics and Information Technology, 2001. Vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 157-169

Sex, Truth and Video Tapes: The Case of the French Babysitter

Longer version of an article in The Los Angeles Times, May 28, 2002

Camerica? Two Cheers (or Less) for the Indiscriminate Spread of Video Cameras in Public Areas

From ID Trail Mix, October 2005

Censorship and Secrecy, Social and Legal Perspectives

In the International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2001

Identity and Anonymity: Some Conceptual Distinctions and Issues for Research

In J. Caplan and J. Torpey, Documenting Individual Identity. Princeton University Press, 2001

Privacy and Technology

Teletronik, 1996

Electric Eye In The Sky: Some Reflections on the New Surveillance and Popular Culture

In D. Lyon and E. Zureik,
Computers, Surveillance & Privacy. 1996

An Ethics For The New Surveillance

The Information Society, vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 171-186, 1998

What's in a Name? Some Reflections on the Sociology of Anonymity

The Information Society, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 99-112, 1999

The Iron Fist and the Velvet Glove: Totalitarian Potentials Within Democratic Structures

From The Social Fabric: Dimensions and Issues. James E. Short, Jr., ed.

For Sale: Personal Information About You

The Washington Post, Dec. 11, 1989

DNA 'Fingerprints' May One Day Be Our National ID Card

The Wall Street Journal, April 20, 1998

Now the Techno-Snoopers Want to Get Into Our Genes

The Los Angeles Times, Sept. 15, 1989

Social Control Across Borders

In W. McDonald, Crime and Law Enforcement in the Global Village. Anderson, 1997

Are You for Real? Police and Other Impersonators

Longer version of an article published in Newsday IDEAS Section, January 16, 2005

Fraudulent Identification and Biography

In D. Altheide et al, New Directions In The Study of Law and Social Change. Plenum, 1990

The Declining Significance of Traditional Borders (and the Appearance of New Borders) in an Age of High Technology

In P. Droege, Intelligent Environments. 1997

Routinizing the Discovery of Secrets: the Computer as Informant

With Nancy Reichman. American Behavioral Scientist, pp. 423-452, April 1994

Review

Legal Secrets: Equality and Efficiency in the Common Law

by Kim Lane Scheppele


c) Telecommunications, the Internet
Forward to Ferdinand Tonnies: A Theory of Public Opinion

Translated by H. Hardt and S. Splichal.  Rowman and Littlefield, 2000

Controlling Community Borders

Comment in Science and Engineering Ethics, vol. 5, no. 3, 1999, on the misuse of anonymous electronic communication in a university setting

New Telecommunications Technologies and Emergent Norms

In G. Platt and C. Gordon, Self, Collective Behavior and Society: Essays in Honor of Ralph Turner. JAI, 1994

Caller ID, New Telephone Services, Citizens With Camcorders

Assorted Op-Ed Articles in The NY Times, The LA Times, Newsday, The Washington Post, and The Christian Science Monitor

Fragmentation and Cohesion in American Society

In R. Dynes and K. Tierney, Disasters, Collective Behavior, and Social Organization. University of Delaware Press, 1994

"Only Connect"--E. M. Forster In An Age Of Electronic Communication: Computer-Mediated Association And Community Networks 

With Mary Virnoche.  Sociological Inquiry 67(1):645-650

The Road to the Future: Some Issues Raised by the Internet

Scientific American, Triumph of Discovery. H. Holt, 1995

   

d) Work monitoring
Raising Your Hand Just Won't Do

Satirical Op-Ed piece in The Los Angeles Times, April 1, 1987

Let's Eavesdrop On Managers

Op-Ed piece in Computerworld, April 20, 1992

Measuring Everything That Moves: The New Surveillance at Work 

In I. and R. Simpson, eds., The Workplace and Deviance. JAI series on Research in the Sociology of Work, 1999

HBR Case Study: "The Case of the Omniscient Organization"

A satire that appeared in The Harvard Business Review, March-April 1990

Bosses Should Nix Job In-scent-tives

Newsday, July 6, 1990

 

Monitoring On The Job: How To Protect Privacy As Well As Property

With Sanford Sherizen. Technology Review, November-December 1986


spacer
3. Essays and Commentary on Technology, Surveillance, and Gender
Who is That Masked Woman? Masking and Unmasking in Public Places

From On The Identity Trail, January 2007.

Technology and Gender: Thomas I. Voire and the Case of the Peeping Tom

In The Sociological Quarterly, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 407-433.

Christena Nippert-Eng
Illinois Institute of Technology

Out Of Sight, Out Of Mind:  Thoughts on Gary Marx’s Essay on “Thomas I. Voire”

In The Sociological Quarterly, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 435-438.

James Willis
University of Massachusetts at Boston

Susan Silbey
Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Self, Vigilance, and Society

In The Sociological Quarterly, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 439-445.

William G. Staples & Joane Nagel
University of Kansas

Gary's Gone...

In The Sociological Quarterly, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 447-452.

Peter Kirby Manning
Brooks Chair of Policing, Northeastern University

Doubles and Tom Voire

In The Sociological Quarterly, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 453-459.

Gary Marx Responds:

Reflective Eyes and Moods Apart

In The Sociological Quarterly, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 461-478.


4. Social Control and Police
a) Technologies of social control
Technology and Social Control: The Search for the Illusive Silver Bullet

In the International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2001

The Engineering of Social Control: The Search for the Silver Bullet

In J. Hagan and R. Peterson,
Crime and Inequality.  Stanford University Press, 1995

No Soul in the New Machine: Techno-Fallacies in the Electronic Monitoring Movement

With Ron Corbett. Justice Quarterly, pp. 399-414, September 1991

Routinizing the Discovery of Secrets: the Computer as Informant

With Nancy Reichman. American Behavioral Scientist, pp. 423-452, April 1994

Ironies of Social Control

Social Problems, pp. 231-246, February 1981

Goldilocks Apologizes: A Review of Forces of Order: Police Behavior in Japan and in the United States, by David H. Bayley.

Yale Law Journal, Vol. 86, 1977; pp. 1509-1521.

Finals Fun

Amici, Vol. 9, No. 2 (Summer 2002), p. 11


b) Covert (undercover) policing
Issues and Theories on Covert Policy

Introduction and Table of Contents for a special issue of Crime, Law and Society

The Interweaving Of Public And Private Police Undercover Work

In C. Shearing and P. Stenning, Private Policing. Sage Publications, 1987 

When the Guards Guard Themselves: Undercover Tactics Turned Inwards

A longer version of a paper that appeared in Policing and Society, vol 2, pp. 151-172, 1992

Under-The-Covers Undercover Investigations: Some Reflections on the State's Use of Sex and Deception in Law Enforcement 

Criminal Justice Ethics, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 13-24, Spring 1992

Recent Developments in Undercover Policing

In T. Blomberg and S. Cohen, Punishment and Social Control: Essays in Honor of Sheldon Messigner. Aldyne de Gruyler, 1995

Thoughts on a Neglected Category of Social Movement Participant: the Agent Provocateur and the Informant

American Journal of Sociology, vol. 80, pp. 402-442, 1974

Undercover in Comparative Perspective: Some Implications for Knowledge and Social Research

In C. Fijnaut and G.T. Marx, Undercover: Police Surveillance in Contemporary Perspective, Kluwer 1995, pp. 322-337

When Doing Wrong Means Doing Right: Police and the Press

Law Enforcement News, September 15, 1989.

Letter: Defects in Government's Entrapment Standard

Letter to the New York Times, August 28, 1984.

Who Gets Stung? Some Issues Raised by the New Police Undercover Work

Crime & Delinquency, 1982 28: 165


c) Overt policing
The Police as Social Change Agents?

Forward to M. Los and A. Zybertowicz, Privatizing the Police State. (Revised). MacMillan, 2000

Police And Democracy

In M. Amir and S. Einstein (eds.) Policing, Security and Democracy: Theory and Practice, vol. 2

Civil Disorder and the Agents of Social Control

Journal of Social Issues, vol. 26, no. 1, 1970

Ironies of Social Control

Social Problems, pp. 231-246, February 1981

Citizen Involvement in the Law Enforcement Process: The Case of Community Police Patrols 

With Dane Archer. American Behavioral Scientist,  vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 52-72, 1971

Commentary: Some Trends and Issues in Citizen Involvement in the Law Enforcement Process 

Crime and Delinquency, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 500-519, July 1989

When Law and Order Works: Boston's Innovative Approach to The Problem of Racial Violence 

With Chuck Wexler.
Crime and Delinquency, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 205-232, April 1986

Alternative Measures of Police Performance

In E. Viano, (ed.), Criminal Justice Research, Lexington Books, 1976

Police and Minorities in England

With Mary Morton.
International Annals of Criminology, Vol. 17, Nos. 1 and 2, 1978.


d) Social control and social movements
Complexity & Irony in Policing and Protesting: the World Trade Organization in Seattle

With Patrick F. Gilham. In Social Justice, 2000, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 212-236

External Efforts to Damage or Facilitate Social Movements: Some Patterns, Explanations, Outcomes and Complications

In M. Zald and J. McCarthy, The Dynamics of Social Movements. Winthrop, 1979

Thoughts on a Neglected Category of Social Movement Participant: the Agent Provocateur and the Informant

American Journal of Sociology, vol. 80, pp. 402-442, 1974

Some Reflections on the Democratic Policing of Demonstrations

In D. della Porta and H. Reiter, The Policing of Protest in Contemporary Democracies. University of Minnesota Press, 1998

Civil Disorder and the Agents of Social Control

Journal of Social Issues, vol. 26, no. 1, 1970

Riots: Entry in the Encyclopaedia Britannica

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1970


5. Collective Behavior and Social Movements (see also 4d above)
Collective Behavior and Social Movements: Process and Structure

With Douglas McAdam.  Prentice Hall, 1994

Strands of Theory and Research in Collective Behavior

Annual Review of Sociology, vol. 1, pp. 363-428, 1975

Rebellion in Plainfield

With David Boesel and Louis C. Goldberg.
In David Boesel and Peter H. Rossi (eds), Cities Under Siege. Basic Books, 1971.

Issueless Riots

In Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 391, Sept. 1970, pp. 21-33

Two Cheers for the National Riot (Kerner) Commission Report

In J. F. Szwed, Black Americans: A Second Look. Basic Books, 1970.

Religion: Opiate or Inspiration of Civil Rights Militancy Among Negroes?

American Sociological Review, vol. 32, pp. 64-72, 1967

Majority Involvement in Minority Movements: Civil Rights, Abolition, Untouchability

Journal of Social Issues, Vol. 27, No. 1, 1971, pp. 81-104

The White Negro and the Negro White

In Phylon, Summer 1967, vol. 28, no. 2, pp.168-177

Perspectives on Violence

In Contemporary Psychology, vol. 17, no. 3, 1972.


6. Academic Career and Some Social Research Issues
Hither and Thither No More: Reflections of a Retiring, But Not Shy, Professor

In Chris Powell (ed.), Critical Voices in Criminology, 2009.

Famished Ardor: Some Reflections on Sociology and Travel and on a Trip to China

American Sociologist, Summer 2000

Gained in Translation: Japan the Second Time Around

November 2003

Looking for Meaning in All the Right Places: the Search for Academic Satisfaction

In G. Geis and M. Dodge, The Lessons of Criminology, 2002

Of Methods and Manners for Aspiring Sociologists: 37 Moral Imperatives

Preface to the Turkish edition

American Sociologist, Spring 1997

Role Models And Role Distance: A Remembrance of Erving Goffman

Theory and Society, 13, pp. 649-662. 1984

Reflections On Academic Success And Failure: Making It, Forsaking It, Reshaping It

In Authors of Their Own Lives, B. Berger, ed., 1990

Research as Social Criticism

In Muckraking Sociology, G.T. Marx, ed.,  E. P. Dutton, 1972

Mastering Ambivalence: Neil Smelser as a Sociologist of Synthesis

In J. Alexander, G. T. Marx, and C. Williams, Self, Social Structure, and Belief. University of California Press, 2004.

Notes On The Discovery, Collection, And Assessment Of Hidden And Dirty Data

In J. Schneider and J. Kitsuse, Studies in the Sociology of Social Problems. Ablex, 1984

Preface

To The Chinese Edition of Undercover, 1995


7. Les articles en français
Pour une éthique des nouvelles (et anciennes) techniques de contrôle et de surveillance

Paru dans Sécurité & Stratégie, No. 6; juin 2011

L'agent provocateur et l'indicateur

Paru dans Sociologie du travail, 1973, No. 3, pp. 241-268. Traduit de l'anglais par Anne Autrand.

La loi et l'ordre en pratique: une approche nouvelle de la violence raciale par la ville de Boston

Paru dans Sociologie du travail, no 4, 1985, pp. 436-452. Traduit de l’anglais par Dominique Monjardet.

La société de sécurité maximale

Paru dans Déviance et société, 1988, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 147-166

Les pratiques «masquées» de la police: Un entretien avec le professeur Gary T. Marx

Paru dans Les Cahiers de la sécurité intérieure, no 7, novembre 1991-janvier 1992, pp. 295-314.

La cage de fer de la culture. Réflexions sur le problème complexe de la race, du racisme et des mass media

Paru dans M. Wieviorka (1993), Racisme et modernité, Paris: Editions la Découverte, pp. 60-77. Traduit de l'anglais par Claude Bonnafont.

Point de vue: Technologies de sécurité et société

Paru dans Les Cahiers de la sécurité intérieure, no 21, 3e trimestre 1995, pp. 9-15.

La révolution cybernétique, surveillance et société dans un âge de haute technologie

Paru dans E. Malet et H. Le Bras (1996), Science et démocratie, Paris: Passages, pp. 55-67.

Point de vue: Le maintien de l'ordre, un champ renouvelé

Paru dans Les Cahiers de la sécurité intérieure, no 27, 1er trimestre 1997, pp. 11-15.

L’État et les mouvements sociaux: modèles d’action, interprétations, résultats et complications

Paru dans Les Cahiers de la sécurité intérieure, no. 30, 4e trimestre 1997, pp. 229-267.

Mots et mondes de surveillance, contrôle et contre-contrôle à l’ère informatique

Paru dans Criminologie, 2006, Vol. 39, No. 1. Traduit de l’anglais par Stéphane Leman-Langlois.

Comment l’Etat-policier a contribué à la chute du communisme en Pologne?

Paru dans Passages, mai 2000

Big Brother a encore de beaux jours devant lui

Paru dans Le Soir, 2 janvier 1992.



Other Papers on Technology, Privacy and Social Control.  Hard copies of the following available upon request
  • "I'll Be Watching You," Dissent, Winter, 1985.
  • "Privacy and the Home: The King Doesn't Have to Enter Your Cottage to Invade Your Privacy," Impact Assessment Bulletin, Vol. 7, No. 1, 1989.
  • Testimony on Caller-ID before the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission, June 1989.
  • Testimony on the Privacy for Consumers and Workers Act (S. 516) before the Senate Labor and Human Resources Committee, September 1991.
  • Comment on "To Tap or Not to Tap," Communications of the ACM, March 1993.
  • "Taming Rude Technologies," Technology Review, January 1994.
  • "Privacy in the Millennium" in Millennium Whole Earth Catalog, 1994.
  • "Some Questions to Ask About Any New Technology," in D. Schuler (ed.), Directions and Implications of Advanced Computing, Ablex, 1997.
  • "Restoring Realism and Logic to the Braithwaite, Fisse and Geis Debate," Journal of Social Issues, No. 3, 1987.
  • Other assorted Op-Ed articles.

Article list  |  Send email  |  Biographical Information on Gary Marx  |  Miscellaneous Reviews


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