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Advanced Circuit Design Seminar
The art of successful circuit design requires the combination of
analytical techniques, circuit tricks, and creativity. This course
focuses on the design of analog circuits and analog/digital converters
with an emphasis on bipolar technology. The course content includes
discussions of applications, appropriate system specifications, topology
tradeoffs, relevant device models, and history. Specific analog systems
and subsystems discussed include op amps, multipliers, voltage
references, sample-and-hold circuits, digitial-to-analog coverters,
analog-to-digital converters, phase-lock loops, and active filters.
This course is for engineers with a basic understanding of circuit
principles who are interested in learning more about complex analog
circuits and the process of design. By the end of the course,
participants will be comfortable with the analysis, design, and proper
application of useful analog systems.
Course Contents
- Translinear Circuits:
Nonlinear circuits. The Gilbert
Principle. Pythagorators. Voltage-to-current converters for
translinear circuits. Mixers, modulators, and multipliers.
- Voltage and Current References:
Transistor temperature
dependence. Drift. Biasing independence. Bandgap references.
Zener diodes. Commercial parts.
- Bipolar Op-Amp Survey:
History. Topologies.
Compensation. Buffers, comparators, and transconductors.
Transimpedance amplifiers.
- The Charge Control Model:
Transistor physics. The
charge-control model. Examples. Space-charge layers. Digital
circuits and TTL.
- Sample-and-Hold Circuits I:
Applications and
specifications. High-speed topologies. High-speed buffers. The
error series.
- Sample-and-Hold Circuits II:
Feedback topologies. Gated
amplifiers. Three-mode integrators. Switches. Commercial
topologies. Dielectric absorption.
- Analog/Digital Specifications:
Discrete time and
quantized amplitude. Static specifications. Frequency-domain
specifications. Time-domain specifications. Converter testing
methods.
- Digital-to-Analog Conversion I:
Voltage scaling and
voltage switching. R2R ladders. Current scaling and current
switching. Time-based converters. Charge-scaling converters.
- Digital-to-Analog Conversion II:
Commercial monolithic
parts. Architectures from the literature.
- Analog-to-Digital Conversion I:
Successive approximation.
Recirculators. Flash. Pipeline. Wigglers and folders.
Integrating. Single slope. Dual slope.
- Analog-to-Digital Converters II:
Commercial parts. Self
calibration. Oversampling coverters. Voltage-to-frequency
converters.
- Active Filter Design and Synthesis.
Low-pass pole/zero
patterns: Butterworth, Chebyshev, and Cauer types. Frequency
transformations. Passive realization. Active (op-amp) biquads.
Simulation of passives. Switched-capacitor and OTA-C
implementations.
- Amplitude Stabilized Oscillators.
Amplitude control for
sinusoidal oscillators by parameter variation, limiting, and
cheating.
- Advanced Circuit Theory.
Miller's Theorem (right and
wrong), Adler's Theorem (open-circuit time constants), Blackman's
Theorem (feedback-port impedance), Middlebrook's Theorem (extra
element), Tellegen's Theorem (quasi-power conservation).
Schedule Weekly four-hour lectures, usually
1pm-5pm with breaks and problem sessions.
Instructor
Kent H. Lundberg attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
earning a Ph.D in Electrical Engineering in 2002. He is currently a
Lecturer with the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer
Science. His research and teaching interests include the application of
classical control theory to problems in analog circuit design. He
consults for several industry corporations and organizations.
Dr. Lundberg has been involved in teaching MIT courses in circuit design
and feedback systems as recitation instructor and lecturer for over ten
years. He is Associate Editor for History of IEEE Control Systems
Magazine, and he collects old textbooks on radar, nuclear energy, and
control.
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