A2 -- Definition of Vowel Landmark

A2 -- Definition of Vowel Landmark

"The vowel landmarks are the places in the signal where there is a maximum in amplitude in the range of the first formant frequency. These places are usually where the first formant frequency is maximally high." (Stevens, 1998)

Implications:

  • Amplitude peak
  • Frequency required (formant tracker)
  • Can be anywhere in vowel (early, middle, late)
" ... the time between the landmarks is rarely shorter than 120 ms, and, except when there is a pause, is rarely longer than about 350 ms in running speech." (ibid.)

Implications:

  • Duration information is important
  • Guideline for timing values, needs to be firmed up