Experiment 1: Presence of F1 peak in vowels

• F1 peak in vowels between orally closed consonants
• Both frequency and amplitude peaks

• Vowel is orally open, neighbors are orally closed
• F1 clear and measurable, without nasalization, glottalization or aspiration
• Stable acoustics, without lateralization, or source change (for amplitude)

• Peaks classified beginning/middle/end
• Context: Closed, Open, or X (other)
• Amplitude and frequency studied separately

• Most vowels have peak in middle (94.2% amplitude, 89.1% frequency)
• Male and females about the same (high F0 not a problem)
• No evidence for formant tracker failure at vowel boundaries
• Very few prediction violations (0.22% amplitude, 2.11% frequency)
• Violations explainable by transcription error or formant tracker failure
• F1 amplitude more reliable than frequency