NONLINEAR OPTICS
When I was studying at the Scuola Normale Superiore my research focused
on theoretical Nonlinear Optics. Together with my advisor, Prof.
Bassani , I worked on the analitical and asymptotic properties
of the general nonlinear susceptibilities functions describing various
nonlinear optical phenomena. In particular I focused on the Harmonic
generation processes and on the odd nonlinear susceptibilities
related to the Pump and Probe configuration. My goal was
discussing if in nonlinear optics it was possible to explicitely derive
properties of the nonlinear susceptibilities such as Kramers-Kroenig
relations and sum rules, which in linear Optics have played such a
great role, having proved to be fundamental tools both in fundamental and
applied research. The idea was that since those properties come directly
from the causality principle and are not model dependent, it was possible
to explore their nonlinear extension beginning with simple classical
model of light-matter interaction. We moved our steps from the important
results obtained by Bassani and
Scandolo in the early '90s. A very great deal of work in this subject
has been done by the team chiefed by
K.E: Peiponen of the University of Joensuu, in Finland. This team has
probably contributed the most to the theory of Nonlinear Kramers-Kroenig
relations and sum rules by improving the general theoretical results, by
introducing algorithms to perform the calculations in both conceptual and
more realistic models, and by specifying the results to many real
physical systems. Other contributions to this field of Nonlinear Optics
have been given by the group led by M.
Sheik-Bahae at the University of New Mexico.
In 1998-1999
we worked on the nonlinear extension of the classical Lorentz oscillator
model:
- First we analyzed the case of the nth order Harmonic generation
process, and obtained a set of Kramers-Kronig relations and sum rules
referred to the first n+1 even momenta of the real and the first n+1 odd
momenta of the imaginary part of the related susceptibility.
- Then we studied the case of the Pump and Probe nonlinear processes
and together with the discussion of the range of validity of the results
coming from the usual Kramers-Kroenig analysis we presented the
contributions due to terms of the susceptibility that previous analyses
had neglected and discussed its physical relevance.
During the year 2000 we worked on the same problems from a rigorous
quantum mechanical perspective keeping a totally general approach thanks
to the use of the density matrix formalism and of the general nonlinear
response function theory applied to the light-matter interaction. The
velocity gauge proved to be more convenient for the toiling calculations
we had to get through, and finally we obtained totally general results for
the process of harmonic generation. These results match perfectly with the
classical ones previously obtained in the first paper once the correct
correspondences between quantum and classical physical parameters are
estlablished: this is another confirmation of the fact that the properties
we have studied are more intrinsic than the model we use to describe the
phenomena, since they directly come from the causality principle. We have
then presented these results to the Laser Optics 2000 Congress held in St.
Petersburg in july 2000. Another paper about linear sum rules where
relativistic and nonlocal effects have been taken into account has been
prepared during 2000 and then published the following year. During the
year 2000 I also worked on the Electromagnetic Induced Transparency, one of the hottest topics in Optics today, and developed
together with I. Carusotto a mechanical analogue to the microphysical phenomena, so to have a clearer understanding of the main
features of the process. Before fully developing this idea I moved to the US to enter the MIT PhD Program of Atmosphere, Ocean
and Climate.
Well, now in 2003, during my staying in Florence, I have developed a full collaboration with the group of Peiponen of the
University of Joensuu, Finland, and have published and submitted some papers on the verification of Kramers Kronig relations
and sum rules to experimental data (polymers) and on the theoretical generalization of the results obtained in the previous
papers. The collaboration was so successful that I have been admitted to discuss a PhD thesis in September 2003.
Publications:
- General properties of optical harmonic generation from a simple oscillator model
: F.
Bassani and V. Lucarini, Il Nuovo Cimento D 20, 1117 (1998)
- Pump and probe nonlinear processes: new modified sum rules from a simple oscillator model : F.
Bassani and V. Lucarini, European Physical Journal B 12, 323 (1999)
- Asymptotic behaviour and general properties of harmonic generation susceptibilities : F. Bassani
and V. Lucarini, European Physical Journal B 17, 567 (2000)
- Harmonic Generation processes - Paper
presented at the Laser Optics 2000 Congress: published in the SPIE reports (2000)
- Spatial dispersion and relativistic effects
in the optical sum rules : S.Scandolo,
F. Bassani, and V. Lucarini, European Physical Journal B 23, 319 (2001)
- Multiply subtractive Kramers-Kronig relations for arbitrary-order harmonic generation
susceptibilities, V. Lucarini, J.J. Saarinen, and K.-E. Peiponen, Opt. Commun. 218,
409, (2003)
- Verification of generalized Kramers-Kronig relations and sum
rules on experimental data of third harmonic generation on polymers, V. Lucarini and K.-E. Peiponen, J. Chem. Phys. 119,
620 (2003)
- My final thesis
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