Forces from fluctuations in and out of equilibrium
(in QED, soft, and active matter)
Summary
I. Force from equilibrium fluctuations: Particles, radiation, quantum and thermal Casimir effect
II. Repulsive Casimir forces: Boundary effects (fluids, metamaterials, ...); and shapes (spheres, pistons, ...)
III. Earnshaw's theorem in electrostatics and for fluctuation-induced forces 
IV. Non-equilibrium QED: Heat transfer and force with fluctuational QED 
V. Force from "active matter": Pressure, ratchets, and self propulsion
VI. Fluctuation force with conserved density: Temporal disturbances and steady currents 
VII. Dynamic Casimir phenomena: Friction, radiation, and anomalous dispersion 
A Casimir force heat engine
XI. Engine: Propulsive force, power, friction, and efficiency
VIII. Lateral Casimir force from corrugated surfaces 
IX. Work from non-equilibrium fluctuations: Ratchets, and propulsion 
X. "Near-field" thermodynamics: Heat and non-equilibrium force in the near field; friction and heat conductivity from fluctuations
XI. Engine: Propulsive force, power, friction, and efficiency 
Acknowledgments
Casimir phenomena
R. Golestanian, T. Emig, A. Hanke, M.P. Hertzberg, A. Scardiccio, S.J. Rahi, N. Graham, M. Maghrebi, M. Krüger, V. Golyk, D. Gelbwaser, G. Bimonte, R.L. Jaffe
Active matter
A. Solon, A. Aminov, S. Ro, Y. Ben Dor, C. Rohwer, M. Krüge, N. Nikola, R. Voituriez, Y. Fily, A. Baskaran, M.E. Cates, J. Tailleur, Y. Kafri
KITP program on Emerging regimes ... of quantum & thermal fluctuational electrodynamics 22 June 2022